Scrotal diseases Flashcards
1
Q
what is scrotal disease?
A
- not cancer
- scrotal mass= cancer till proven otherwise
2
Q
what is varicocele?
A
- enlargement of testicular veins ( pampiform plexus) on scrotum
3
Q
what causes varicocele?
A
- increased left renal vein pressure
‘bag of worms’
4
Q
what are the symptoms for varicocele?
A
- typically painless
- rarely painful- if larger- more severe
5
Q
how is varicocele treated?
A
- conservative
- potentially surgery
6
Q
how is varicocele diagnosed?
A
- ultrasound
- doppler
7
Q
what is testicual torsion?- pathophysiology
A
- spermatic cord twists on itself
- occlusion of testicular artery
- ischaemia
- gangrene of testes if not dealt with
surgical emergency
8
Q
what are the risk factors for testicular torsion?
A
- bell clapper deformity
- ’ horizontal lie’ of testes
9
Q
how is testicular torsion diagnosed?
A
- surgical expiration if there is an increase risk
- USS to check testicualr blood flow
10
Q
what are the symptoms for testicular torsion?
A
- severe unitesticular pain
- abdo pain
- Nausea and vomitig
- cremasteric reflex lost
- prehn’s sign -ve
11
Q
what is the treatment for testicular torsion?
A
-urgent surgery within 6hrs
- if testes viable- orchidopexy
- if testes non viable - orchidectomy
- both things overcomes bell clapper deformity
12
Q
what is testicular appendage torsion?
A
- the twisting of a small piece of tissue above a testicle
- not a medical emergency
13
Q
what are epidydmal cysts?
A
- small smooth fluid filled swelling that slowly develops in the epidydmas
- extravascular - above and beyond testes
- will transilluminate
14
Q
how are epidydmal cysts diagnosed ?
A
-transillumination- to eliminate hydrocele
-USS scrotum
15
Q
what are the symptoms for epidydmal cysts?
A
- pain
- heaviness in testicle
