nephritic syndrome Flashcards
what is nephritic syndrome?
a group of symptoms that occur with some disorders that cause swelling and inflammation of the glomeruli in the kidney
what are the types of causes of nephritic syndrome?
- systemic
- renal
- all examples of T3 hypersensitivity except good pastures ( T2)
what are the renal causes of nephritic syndrome?
- ig A nephropathy
what are the systemic causes of nephritic syndrome?
- SLE
- post strep glomerulonephritis
- good pastures
- small vessel vasculitis
how is nephritic syndrome diagnosed?
- kidney biopsy
- urinalysis
- bloods ( high ESR + CRP)
how is nephritic syndrome treated?
- BP control - Acei/ ARB
- corticosteroids - inflammation
what is IgA nephropathy?
- deposition of IgA into the mesangium of the kidney
what are the symptoms of IgA nephropathy?
-presents asymptomatically
-haematuria
what does IgA nephropathy cause?
- causes inflammation and damage
how is IgA nephropathy diagnosed?
- immunoflourescence microscopy –> IgA complex deposition
- Biopsy
what is the treatment for IgA nephropathy?
-non curative
-30% progress to ESRD ( End stage renal disease)
- BP control- Acei
- fish oil and steroids if persistent proteinuria
what is post strep glomerulonephritis?
- deposition of strep antigens ( group A, B) haemolytic strep ( s pygones) post infection ( 3-6 weeks)
what does post strep glomerulonephritis cause?
inflammation and damage
what are the symptoms of post strep glomerulonephritis
- visible haematuria
- acute nephritis
how is post strep glomerulonephritis diagnosed
- evidence of strep infection
- light microscope
- e microscope
- immunoflouresence
what is the treatment for post strep glomerulonephritis?
- self limiting usually
- antibodies
- can progress to RPGN
(Rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis)
when diagnosing post strep glomerulonephritis what does light microscope show?
- hypercellular glomeruli
when diagnosing post strep glomerulonephritis what does electron microscope show?
- subendothelial immune complex deposition
when diagnosing post strep glomerulonephritis what does immunoflouresence show?
- shows starry sky appearance
what is good pastures?
- auto antibodies to type IV collagen in glomerular and alveolar membranes
- pulmonary and alveolar haemorrhage and glomerulonephritis
what are the symptoms of good pastures?
- SOB
- oliguria
how is good pastures diagnosed?
anti GBM ( antibodies) in blood and biopsy
how is good pastures treated?
- plasma exchange
- steroids
-cyclophophamide
what is SLE?
- occurs in people with lupus ( autoimmune disease)
- lupus antibodies affect kidney leading to inflammation
how is SLE diagnosed?
- ANA +ve
- anti dsDN +ve
how is SLE treated?
- steroids
- hydroxychloroquine
- immunosuppressants
what is small vessels vasculitis?
- Henoch Schonlein Purpura
- affects kidneys and joints due to IgA deposition
what are the symptoms of small vessel vasculitis?
- purpuric rash on legs
- nephritic syndrome
- joint pain
how is small vessel Vasculitis diagnosed?
- renal biopsy
how is small vessel vasculitis treated?
- corticosteroids
- BP medication
