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11- FA- Gastrointestinal disease > Scour in indoor cattle > Flashcards

Scour in indoor cattle Flashcards

1
Q

List 4 possible causes of D+ in pre-weaning calves within 14 days of age

A

Rotavirus
E. Coli
Coronavirus
Cryptosporidium parvum

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2
Q

List 3 causes of D+ in cattle thaat can occur at any age

A

Salmonella*
Rinderpest*
BVD

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3
Q

List 2 possible causes of D+ in adult cattle

A

Winter Dysentery (coronavirus)
MAP (Johne’s)

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4
Q

What can cause D+ in post weaning calves

A

Eimeria species

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5
Q

when does Clostridium perfringens disease occur

A

any age pre-weaning in calves
Proliferates if sudden diet change

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6
Q

what do we see with Clostridium perfringens infection

A

death +/- severe D+

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7
Q

What do we see on PM with Clostridium perfringens

A

Pathology: haemorrhagic enteritis, intestinal mucosal ulceration, D+ in intestines

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8
Q

at what age are calves susceptible to eimeria

A

3 weeks to 6 months

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9
Q

what do we see with clinical disease caused by eimeria

A

D+
poor DLWG

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10
Q

which species of eimeria are pathogenic to calves

A

Eimeria bovis
Eimeria zuernii
Eimeria alabamensis
So if see if then need to speciate to make sure it is causing the disease

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11
Q

Describe how to diagnose eimeria

A

McMasters test

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12
Q

describe how to treat eimeria

A

supportive therapy

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13
Q

List 6 predisposing factors of calves to eimeria

A

High stocking densities
Poor hygiene
Mixed aged groups
Stress factors
Wet and warm weather
Mixing calf groups

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14
Q

Describe how to prevent eimeria in calves

A

Medical: oral drench: Diclazuril, Toltrazuril
Hygiene- bedding management, stocking density, group management

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15
Q

why can we not test for antibodies for winter dysentery

A

Same pathogen that causes D+ in calves and mild BRD in post weaning calves
Most cattle are seropositive

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16
Q

Describe how winter dysentery tend to present

A

Highly contagious – most of the herd
Short lived explosive D+
Predominantly in the winter
Cattle in close confinement

17
Q

Describe how to treat winter dysentery

A

self limiting
supportive treatment- oral fluids, NSAIDs

18
Q

what is important to remember about salmonella

A

zoonotic and reportable

19
Q

List 7 possible sources of salmonella infections in cattle

A

animal feed
contaminated water
pasture
animal slurry
wild animals
domestic pets
people

20
Q

List predisposing factors of cattle to salmonella

A

not isolating new animals
contaminated water sources
starling- high number of birds
feed storage
inappropriate waste storage

21
Q

Describe how to treat salmonella

A

Antimicrobials- TMPS
Fluids
NSAID

22
Q

Describe how to diagnose salmonella

A

faecal cultures
salmonella PCR - faeces milk, BAL fluid
culture of PM samples
ELISA on serum or milk

23
Q

what is normal rumen pH in cow

A

5.6 to 6.5

24
Q

what is SARA

A

subacute ruminal acidosis - s characterized by repeated bouts of low rumen pH but the pH recovers after each bout

25
Q

list 2 causes of low rumen pH in cattle

A

insufficient fibre- decrease rumination
excess starch - rapid fermentation

26
Q

List 3 predispositions of SARA in cattle

A

excess starch- slug feeding, high conc feeding
lack of fibre- dietary sorting, or spring grass
decreased intakes- heat stress, poor cow comfort, poor transition

27
Q

List the clinical signs of SARA

A

BCS decrease
variable faecal consistency
periodic anorexia
ejected cudballs
milk yield reduced
ovarian dysfunction
decreased rumen contractility- more likely Das

28
Q

Describe how to diagnose SARA

A

rumen fluid sampling
2 methods
- stomach tube
- rumenocentesis

29
Q

Describe how to prevent SARA

A

prevent sorting
cow comfort
prevent slug feeding
ensure enough water

30
Q

list 3 common mycotoxins in cattle

A

Fusarium
Aspergillus
Penicillium
are in silage

31
Q

Describe the clinical signs of mycotoxins

A

loss of appetite
reduced milk yield or poor weight gain
feed refusal
diarrhoea
pyrexia
pruritis
bleeding
ill thrift.

NON SPECIFIC SIGNS

32
Q

Describe how to diagnose mycotoxins

A

analytical assay of the feed indicates the presence of mycotoxins.
Rule out infectious causes

33
Q

Describe how to prevent mycotoxins

A

prevent soil contamination
minimise top spoilage through use of O2 barrier
mycotoxin binder in TMR

11- FA- Gastrointestinal disease (15 decks)

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