Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

11- FA- Gastrointestinal disease > Abdominal distension > Flashcards

Abdominal distension Flashcards

1
Q

In clinical exam what do we assess about rumen

A

shape - abdominal silhouette
fill
motility

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

T/F hypermotility is a common finding on clinical exam in cattle

A

False- uncommon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

List 3 possible causes of hypomotility in cattle

A

Systemic inflammation
Increased sympathetic tone
Rumen distension or acidosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

List 11 differentials of abdominal distension in cattle

A

Bloat
Acidosis
Oesophageal obstruction
Pregnancy
Vagal indigestion
Urethral obstruction
GI obstruction, impaction or displacement
Traumatic reticulitis/TRP
Peritonitis
Ascites
Miscellaneous

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what is primary bloat

A

frothy bloat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what is secondary bloat

A

gassy bloat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

T/F bloat is an emergency

A

True
can fill rapidly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what is frothy bloat generally associated with

A

lush pasture, clover and legumes (peas, beans, lentils)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

describe the pathophysiology of frothy bloat due to legumes

A

basically contents of the rumen become very viscous –> prevents relaxation of cardia –> eructation not possible

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the clinical signs of frothy bloat

A

Abdominal enlargement of left-hand side when viewed from rear
Colic
decreased rumen motility

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Describe how to differentially diagnose frothy bloat

A

Stomach tube passes but doesn’t decompress

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

List some signs of colic in cows

A

kicking
treading
lying down and rising
vocalisation
stretched stance
rear feet placed far behind

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Describe how to treat frothy bloat

A

anti-foaming agent
rumenotomy decompression - severe cases
diet management- take off pasture, add long fibre to diet

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what are the land marks for Rumenotomy decompression

A

Hands width below transverse process and a hands width below last rib

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

define free gas bloat

A

inability to eliminate gas by eructation secondary to another condition

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

List 7 possible causes to free gas bloat

A

Obstruction: foreign body
Hypocalcaemia
Prolonged lateral recumbency
Vagal nerve damage
Tetanus
Actinobacillus
Outside pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

describe the signs of tetanus in cows

A

rigidity, protrusion 3rd eyelid, hyperesthesia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Describe how to treat free gas bloat

A

pass stomach tube
may need to remove obstruction first e.g. foreign body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what is vagal indigestion

A

hinders the passage of ingesta from the reticulorumen, abomasum or both, resulting in the distension of the abdomen

20
Q

describe the clinical signs of vagal indigestion

A

Non-specific
Decreased milk yield, anorexia
Abnormal faeces
Recurrent bloating
Decreased ruminal motility

21
Q

what can vagal indigestion be secondary to

A

TRP
actinobacillosis (rumen/reticulum)
peritonitis
abscessation

22
Q

Name the 2 forms of vagal indigestion

A

Anterior functional stenosis
Pyloric outflow failure

23
Q

Describe Anterior functional stenosis

A

flow into abomasum disturbed e.g. TRP

24
Q

Describe Pyloric outflow failure

A

no emptying of abomasum e.g. DA
see metabolic alkalosis

25
Q

what is the prognosis for vagal indigestion

A

poor because vagal nerve is damaged

26
Q

what are the most common sites of choke

A

Oropharynx, thoracic inlet, heart base

27
Q

Describe the clinical signs of choke

A

Profuse salivation and bloat

28
Q

describe how to treat choke

A
  • Attempt removal using fingers or gentle pressure with stomach tube
  • Leave to macerate if rumen trocar/red devil is present
  • if severe relieve rumen tympany
  • oesophagostomy
29
Q

what cows tend to get ruminal bloat

A

slightly older calves- often just after weaning

30
Q

what are the clinical signs of ruminal bloat

A

chronic - D+, poor hair coat, decreased DLWG
often recurrent bloat
may follow concentrate feeding

31
Q

Describe how to manage ruminal bloat

A

Short term deflate with stomach tube
Long term fistula or trocar

32
Q

what causes abomasal bloat

A

Rapid gas production in abomasum
Excessive fermentation of simple carbs—> Overgrowth of gas producing bacteria

33
Q

describe signalment of abomasal bloat

A

pre-weaned calves
1-3 weeks old

34
Q

describe what is seen on clinical exam with abomasal bloat

A

Splashing on abdominal percussion
Right ventral abdominal distension
Colic

35
Q

describe how to treat abomasal bloat

A

Relieve bloat (tube or needle)
IVFT
Antibiotics (penicillin)
Hyoscine
NSAIDs

change calf management to prevent reoccurance

36
Q

Describe where to incise for left flank laparotomy

A

4cm caudal to ribs

Incise skin, external and internal abdominal oblique muscles, transversus abdominis and peritoneum

37
Q

what can you see with Left Flank Laparotomy

A

rumen

38
Q

what can you feel in crainal abdomen with Left Flank Laparotomy

A

pylorus
abomasum
omasum
reticulm

39
Q

what can you feel in caudal abdomen with Left Flank Laparotomy

A

○ Bladder
○ Uterus
○ Left kidney
Intestines

40
Q

list 3 indications to rumenotomy

A

Adhesions suspected
TRP, foreign body, toxins, frothy bloat
Access to rumen and reticulum

41
Q

Describe how to approach rumenotomy

A

Same as laparotomy
Suture rumen to body wall
- Partial thickness
- Short runs of Cushing pattern

42
Q

List some Peri-op considerations for rumenotomy

A

This is a Clean contaminated surgery
Perioperative antimicrobials and NSAIDs
Restraint!- depends on the cow

43
Q

when can a rumenostomy be indicated

A

recurrent bloat cases

44
Q

what is a risk with a self retaining trocar

A

peritonitis

45
Q

Describe how to approach a semi-permanent rumenotomy

A

Similar to laparotomy except only small circle of skin incised
Rumen stay sutured to body wall
Small circle of rumen mucosa removed
Rumen wall sutured to body wall in everting pattern- Horizontal/vertical mattress
Will gradually granulate and close

11- FA- Gastrointestinal disease (15 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions