Brisket oedema Flashcards
what does oedema mean
reduced venous return
loss of protein
leaky capillaries
List 9 differentials for oedema in cattle
High altitude disease
Malignant oedema
Liver fluke
Johnes disease
PGE
Other clostridial disease - e.g. struck
heart disease
reduced udder oedema- udder oedema
non-parasitic liver disease
where is high altitude disease seen
Seen above 5,000ft altitude
Not in UK
describe the pathogenesis of high altitude disease
Low oxygen saturation in the air
Pulmonary hypertension- increase hydrostatic tissue
–> Oedema in ventral tissues of chest and abdomen (ascites)
Describe how to treat high altitude disease
move to lower altitude area- but slowly
diuretics
appetite stimulants (B vitamins)
thoracocentesis
Describe how to prevent high altitude disease
breed for more resistant stock- don’t breen from affect animals
what causes malignant oedema
Clostridium (different types)
often introduced by injection or some other deep wound
What are the clinical signs of malignant oedema
Rapid multiplication deep in tissues so clinical signs in <48hrs
anorexia
depression
fever
death
may have local swelling
what do we see on PM with malignant oedema
Affected muscles are dry and friable
red/black
emphysematous
Pericardium similarly affected
Describe how to prevent malignant oedema
clostridial vaccines
not that expensive
Describe how to treat malignant oedema
straight penicillin - needs to be for a long time
there are some surgical approaches
Describe the aetiology of udder oedema
unclear
correlation with reduced dry matter intake- poss transient liver dysfunction
occurs before calving
Describe how to prevent udder oedema
Diet during the dry period is most effective form of prevention
describe how to treat udder oedema
Treatment may be split into nursing care and medication
Massage and hot compresses to stimulate circulation
Diuretics- if very severe - needs to be given IV
corticosteroids once calved- if inflammation very severe
List 8 non-parasitic causes to liver disease
copper toxicity
neoplasia
liver abcess
hepatic necrosis
cholecystitis
chirrosis
tuberculosis
fatty liver syndrome
what is the most common cause of hepatic necrosis in cattle
Fusobacterium invasion (foot-rot)
is the end stage
what is seen with copper toxicity
jaundice- sclera and skin
urine- black
anorexic
depressed
D+
abdominal pain
weakness found dead
what is seen on PM with copper toxicity
liver bronzed colour
kidneys - gun-metal appearance
when do chronic copper toxicity occur
slow build up
Only ‘spills over’ to hypercupraemia when the storage capacity of the liver is exceeded
Will then present as acute toxicity
when is acute copper toxicity seen
Acute copper toxicity is seen after inadvertent over-administration
Usually found recumbent or dead
what is cirrhosis
basically chronic effects of subacute liver fluke infestation
when do we see signs of cirrhosis
in early lactation when metabolic demands highest
what do we tend to see with cirrhosis
constipation
Can also see other clinical syndromes associated with the damage caused by the fluke including endocarditis, salmonellosis
What is the toxin in ragwort
Pyrrolizidine alkaloids