Abdominal pain Flashcards

1
Q

when is an acute abdominal crisis an emergency

A

if hypovolaemic shock or septic shock

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

List 8 GI differentials of acute abdominal crisis

A

Abomasal volvulus
Abomasal displacement
Haemorrhagic jejunitis
Caecal torsion
Primary/secondary bloat
Intestinal torsion/intussusception
Mesenteric torsion
Peritonitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

List 3 non- GI differentials of acute abdominal crisis

A

Uroliths
uterine torsion
pyelonephritis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What do we see on abdominal silhouette with acute abdominal crisis

A

look from rear and sides - look for abdominal distension
back position - arched (pained)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what do we look at on abdominal exam in acute abdominal crisis

A

rumen contractility
percussion ‘pings’
succussion- ‘splashing’

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

List 3 signs of pain in cows

A

Bruxism
Abducted elbows
Reluctance to dip on withers pinch

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what does Reluctance to dip on withers pinch suggest

A

cranial abdominal pain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

where to take abdominocentesis from in a cow

A

Avoid midline
hands width away from midline and hands width from sternum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Describe aetiology of peritonitis

A

primary: associated with systemic infection
secondary- after abdominal surgery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

describe what is seen with acute peritonitis

A

abdominal discomfrot
pyrexia +/- toxaemia
altered faecal output

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

List 5 examples when peritonitis may be diffuse

A

Urethral obstruction
Acute acidosis/rumenitits
Toxic mastitis
Postpartum metritis
Perforated abomasal ulcer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

List 7 examples when peritonitis may be local

A

LDA/RDA
caecal torsion
TRP
Intestinal issues
uterine issues
Splenic/hepatic/umbilical abscess
Fat necrosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

List 6 ways to diagnose acute peritonitis

A

Difficult as non teel you exactly what the cause is

wither test
eric williams test
rectal palpation
clinical pathology
abdominocentesis
exploratory laparotomy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Describe what you get with Eric williams test on acute peritonitis

A

A quiet grunt may be heard just before the ruminal A wave contraction, due to the pain from the biphasic reticular contraction
Needs 2 people

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

describe what you see on clinical pathology with acute peritonitis

A

leukopenia and degenerative left shift (increase in immature neutrophils)
increased levels of plasma fibrinogens and low plasma proteins to fibrinogen ratio

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Describe what you see on abdominocentesis with acute peritonitis

A

increased turbidity
increased leukocyte
increased total protein levels

17
Q

Describe what you can see on rectal palpation with acute peritonitis

A

adhesions may elicit discomfort or a pain response and may be palpated within the abdominal cavity per rectum (particularly in chronic peritonitis)

18
Q

Describe how to treat peritonitis

A

fluid therapy
NSAIDs
antimicrobials - long course (2 weeks if not more)

19
Q

when do caecal torsions tend to occur

A

early lactation cows

20
Q

describe the aeitology of a caecal torsion

A

poorly understood (increased VFA in intestines –> atony)

21
Q

List the clinical signs of caecal torsions

A

lethargic
abdominal pain
no poo
off feed
drop in milk

22
Q

Describe how to treat caecal torsion

A

Surgical: Right flank laparotomy, externalise and empty caecum using purse string suture, reposition
Fluids
Calcium borogluconate
NSAIDs
Antibiotics (3 days of cat D)

23
Q

Describe how to treat caecal dilation

A

surgical or conservative
- Calcium borogluconate
NASIDs

24
Q

when can you consider conservative management of caecal torsion

A

only do conservative with cows you see in morning- so can operate in afternoon if doesn’t get better)

25
when does Haemorrhagic Jejunitis - (Haemorrhagic Bowel Syndrome) generally occur
early lactation
26
Describe the signs seen with Haemorrhagic Jejunitis
clots --> obstruction --> colic dark black blood in faeces often fatal
27
Describe how to treat Haemorrhagic Jejunitis
surgery- to remove clots - can do enterectomy supportive therapy- very important
28
Describe the clinical presentations of Obstruction, volvulus, strangulation, intussusception, perforation in cattle
they are all rare Severe abdominal pain circulatory compromise abdominal bloat death in hours
29
Describe how to treat Obstruction, volvulus, strangulation, intussusception, perforation in cattle
Surgical Right flank approach Principles as for other species
30
what happens with Traumatic Reticulopericarditis
FB is ingested into rumen --> drops into reticulum --> penetrates reticular wall = reticulitis Penetrates further to pericardial sac (through diaphragm) = pericarditis
31
what does pain in ruminants often cause
hypomotility og GI
32
what is the problem with using NSAIDs in GI ileus in cows
NSAIDs in anorexic patients can induce ulcers- more common in calves