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PT645 > Scoliosis > Flashcards

Scoliosis Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 2 types of scoliosis?

A

Structural and functional scoliosis

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2
Q

Define structural scoliosis

A

True scoliosis

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3
Q

Define functional scoliosis

A

Spinal curve secondary to other spinal or structural problems

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4
Q

Example of functional scoliosis

A

“scoliosis” resulting from a shortened lower limb or asymmetry in paraspinal muscle tone

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5
Q

What is the typical scoliotic presentation?

A

Right thoracic curve (convex to the right) with right rib hump

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6
Q

What percentage of adolescent scoliosis is idiopathic?

A

80%

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7
Q

What percentage of the general population has cscoliosis?

A

2-3%

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8
Q

Of the population who has scoliosis, what percentage requires surgical correction?

A

0.2-0.3%

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9
Q

Higher risk of health problems with age when Cobb angle exceeds…at the end of growth period as well as…

A 
Critical threshold (30-50 deg.)
Cosmetic/visible deformity
Disability, pain, and progressive functional limitations
Decreased quality of life
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10
Q

Adult idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) is also known as…

A

“Grown up kid” who had scoliosis as a child/adolescent

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11
Q

Adult onset scoliosis (AOS) is…

A

grown individuals who have never had scoliosis before but could arise spontaneously due to trauma or degeneration with aging.

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12
Q

Idiopathic scoliosis can be __________ or _________, _________ or ____ ___________

A

symptomatic or nonsymptomatic, progressive or non-progressive

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13
Q

What secondary problems can occur with idiopathic scoliosis?

A

Back pain
Neural impingement
Leg symptoms: Pain, weakness, NT

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14
Q

Main diagnostic criteria for scoliosis

A

Curve in frontal plane greater than 10 degrees as measured by an AP view x-ray
AND axial rotation is identified

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15
Q

What is the gold standard measurement for scoliosis?

A

The Cobb angle

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16
Q

How may the cobb angle change throughout ones life with scoliosis?

A

Cobb angle could remain unchanged from childhood into adulthood, or could change dramatically

17
Q

How can one determine the curvature of scoliosis?

A

Symmetry of shoulders, scapulae, iliac crests
Pelvic tilt
Check leg length for possible discrepency

18
Q

How does one determine structural vs functional scoliosis?

A

Notice if curvature changes or disappears in sitting or in forward flexion

19
Q

Where is a scoliometer measured at?

A

T3-4
T5-T12
T12-L1 or L2-L3

20
Q

What is the threshold for referral with a scoliometer?

A

7 degrees

21
Q

What does 7 degrees with a scoliometer correlate with?

A

20 degrees coronal plane curvature

22
Q

What are 3 important components for PT and childhood and adolescent idiopathic scoliosis?

A

Inform/educate/advise
Instruct in exercise
Monitor

23
Q

What are the goals of bracing?

A

Control the curve, prevent progression, and avoid surgical intervention

24
Q

What are the bracing parameters?

A

Not clear
Varying methods
Lack of consistent strength of evidence to make clear recommendations

25
Q

What is more effective than bracing alone?

A

PT exercise during bracing

26
Q

PT exercise during bracing is particularly important…

A

Brace weaning period

27
Q

What are the goals of surgery for scoliosis?

A

Prevent progression
Improve spinal alignment
Reduce respiratory compromise

28
Q

Following surgery, there is good evidence to support…

A

PT/exercise afterwards

29
Q

What are the functional consequences of hyperkyphosis?

A

Difficulty rising from a chair withou UE use
Slower gait velocity
Wider base of support in standing and gait
Slower stair climbing speed
Difficulty reaching and performing heavy housework

30
Q

What are some consequences of hyperkyphosis for community dwelling men and women greater than 65 years?

A

Poor satisfaction with subjective health and family relationships

31
Q

Scheuermanns disease has been found in

A

taller than average kids (skeletal age ahead of chronological age)

32
Q

What is Scheuermann’s disease?

A

Progressive structural kyphosis caused by anterior wedging of the vertebrae

33
Q

Scheuermann’s disease is also known as

A

Juvenile osteochondrosis

34
Q

Differential diagnosis of Scheuermann’s disease

A 
Postural kyphosis
Anklylosing spondylitis
Cushing's syndrome
Skeletal dysplasia
Spinal tuberculosis
35
Q

PT treatment for mild Scheuermann’s

A

Flexibility training
Reduction of lumbar lordosis
Spinal extensor training
Cardiovascular training

36
Q

Treatment for severe Scheuermann’s

A

Bracing with Milwaukee brace

PT645 (20 decks)

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