SCLOA - how and why particular research methods are used in SCLOA

Question 1

research methods used in SCLOA

Answer 1

• experimental studies (using scientific method)

- questionnaires

Question 2

experimental studies

Answer 2

• manipulates the IV to test its effect on a DV
• used because they show clear causation between variables
• thus showing clear determinism
• can easily isolate cognitive processes

Example: Milgram (1963; 1974)

Question 3

example of a typical experimental study in SCLOA

Answer 3

Milgram (1963; 1974)

• demonstrates how the situational factors of an authority figure, a high status location and the presence of social support affect obedience
• experimental conditions allowed complete control of the variables
• clear link could be made

IV: social support (absence/presence), social status of location (higher/lower)
DV: obedience (established by number of shocks administered)

Question 4

correlational studies

Answer 4

• sociocultural factors are often personal and difficult to separate from other factors
• so surveys can be used to report on personal experiences/habits

weaknesses:

• mathematical models used are very complex
• individuality is completely crushed in the interests of arriving at general dimensions
• may lead to data that is not truly representative of a population

example: Wei et al. (2001)

Question 5

example of a typical correlational study in SCLOA

Answer 5

Wei et al. (2001):

• participants self-reported on their conflict resolution methods
• and results underwent correlational analysis to see if there was a relation between conflict resolution styles and individualistic/collectivistic backgrounds

Question 6

discuss

Answer 6

• describe + explain
• include background info/reasons for every point
• give a balanced review offering evaluative comments about the issue you are discussing
• discuss your own opinions and evidence to support your opinions

when discussing a theory/model:
• state strengths and limitations with empirical evidence AND evaluate those empirical studies
• discuss the usefulness of a certain theory by mentioning possible applications and how effective and universal these applications are
• compare to an alternative theory
• discuss the extent to which the theory can be universally applied – are the explanations culturally- or gender-specific?
• evaluate sources: is the theory based on methodologically questionable empirical evidence?

NOTE: ‘discuss’ + ‘advantages and disadvantages’ = provide clear judgment about whether the advantages or disadvantages are most significant, then explain reasons for your opinion