Scientific research

Question 1

what is the value of scientific method?

Answer 1

falsifiable.
involves continually renewing our understanding
includes attempts to reject/refute a theory/set of assumptions
a theory that can’t be falsified is not scientific

Question 2

Random Sampling

Answer 2

ensures that all participants have an equal chance of being selected
cons: costs, limitations

Question 3

quantitative

Answer 3

quantifying or using statistics to understand phenomena

Question 4

quantitive steps(7)

Answer 4

1)determine a research question2)conduct a literatue review of previous studies.3)determine a method of gathering information.4)conduct study.5) interpret results.6)draw conclusions.7)make findings public

Question 5

qualitative

Answer 5

theoretical ideas are “grounded” in experiences

Question 6

qualitative research(8)

Answer 6

1)begin with a broad area of interest.2)gain entrance into a group to be researched.3)gather field notes.4)ask open ended questions.5)modify research questions over time.6)note patterns or consistencies. 7)explore new areas deemed important.8)report findings

Question 7

Different Research Methods(5)

Answer 7

1) descrptive studies.2) correlational research.3) experimental research.4)explanatory studies.5) evaluation research

Question 8

elements of descriptive research(5)

Answer 8

1)case studies.2)surveys.3)validity.4)reliability.5)content analysis

Question 9

Hawthorne effect

Answer 9

people tend to change their behavior when they know they are being observed

Question 10

case studies

Answer 10

exploring a single case or situation in great detail

Question 11

surveys

Answer 11

used to ask a standard set of questions

Question 12

validity

Answer 12

refers to accuracy of measurement

Question 13

reliability

Answer 13

refers to consistency of measurement

Question 14

content analysis

Answer 14

involves reviewing media such as old texts, pictures, commercials, lyrics, or other material to explore patterns or themes in culture

Question 15

secondary content analysis/ archival research

Answer 15

involves analyzing pre collected/examined info to uncover attitudes, practices, or preferences

Question 16

elements of correlational research(3)

Answer 16

Scatterplot, positive correlation, negative correlation

Question 17

scatterplot

Answer 17

a plot of the relationship between two scores

Question 18

positive correlation

Answer 18

the variables go up or down together

Question 19

negative correlation

Answer 19

the variables more in opposite directions

Question 20

elements of experimental research(4)

Answer 20

experiments, hypotheses, variables, operationalized

Question 21

experiments

Answer 21

designed to test hypotheses

Question 22

hypotheses

Answer 22

specific statements about the relationship between variables

Question 23

operationalizes

Answer 23

means the researcher specifies exactly in what is going to be measures

Question 24

descriptive studies

Answer 24

objective to describe phenomena
types: observation, case studies, surveys, content analysis

Question 25

correlational research

Answer 25

formally test whether a relationship exists between two or more variables

Question 26

experimental research

Answer 26

randomly assign people to different conditions, use hypothesis testing to make inferences about how these conditions affect behavior

Question 27

explanatory studies

Answer 27

designed to answer the question “why”

Question 28

evaluation research

Answer 28

designed to assess the effectiveness of policies or programs