Human Development during infancy Flashcards
Brain Growth in the first two years
1)physical brain growth increases. 2)neural development. 3)prefrontal cortex
Reflexes: survival + development
survival: rooting reflex, breathing, sucking reflex
development: moro reflex, stepping reflex, palmar grasp
Motor development
follows cephalocaudal(head-down)
proximodistal( center-out)
Gross Motor
Large Muscles
Fine Motor
small, coordinated muscle movements
- pinching, grasping
Sensory Development(4)
1)sight.2)hearing.3)touch/pain.4)taste/smell
Sight
least developed at birth
reference for faces, unusual/interesting/exciting images
Hearing
Most developed at birth
in the womb the baby knows the sound of the mother’s voice
Touch/Pain
physiological reactions indicate sensation of pain
touch: necessary and comforting
Taste/Smell
ability to distinguish flavors
identify mother’s smell easily
Colostrum
“liquid gold”
nutrient dense, for the babies first days of life
Breast milk contains…
iron, protein, fats for proper development
Why might formula be used as an alternative to breasteeding?(4)
not enough milk production
adoption
two father home
mother has a communicable disease
Malnutrition(3)
1)Kwashiorkor.2)Marasmus.3)Milk anemia
Kwashiorkor
“displaced child’s disease”
lack of sufficient nutrition
Marasmus
starvation for lack of calories and or protein
SIDS or SUIDS meaning
Sudden (Unexected) Infant Death Syndrome
Some ways to prevent SIDS
Back Sleeping + nothing in the bed with the baby(blankets, pillows, stuffed animals)
Co-Sleeping;skin2skin contact benefit, risk of suffocation especially with adult being under the influence
Herd Immunity
90%+ of the population is vaccinated
Schemas
- assimilation
-accommodation
mental representation used to understand the world
Assimilation
modification of new information to fit into our existing schemas
Accommadation
reorganizing what we know to fit new information
Six stages of sensorimotor intelligence
1)reflexes{birth-6w}
2)primary circular reactions[6w-4m]
3)secondary circular reactions[4m-8m]
4)coordination of secondary circular reactions[8m-12m]
5)tertiary circular reactions[12-18m]
6)mental representation[18-24m]
Object Permanence
12-24m
Knowing something exists when out of sight
Infantile Amnesia
lack of memory years later
Phonemes + Morphemes
Phonemes- basic units of speech
Morphemes- smallest meaningful units of speech
Seven Stages of Language Development
1)reflective communication
2)reflective communication + interest in others
3)intentional communication
4) first words
5)simple sentences[2 words]
6)sentences [3+ words]
7)complex sentences[conversations]
intentional vocalizations
gurgling, cooing, learn conversational cadences
holophrasic speech
partial words conveying thoughts
underextension + overextension
under-
a word may only be used for one specific thing[ “Mommy”]
over-
generalizing
Nativism
Noam Chomsky
language acquisition device
children learn language through exposure
Language acquisition Device
the innate ability to learn language, understand conventions and syntax
Behaviorism
B.F Skinner
language is taught through reinforcement
Social Pragmatics
Tomasello & Hermann
communication develops from need to communicate
join social world
Kohllberg Theory
At Birth, all humans are void of morals,ethics, and honesty
Hamlin & Wynn Experiments
Children prefer prosocial behavior and others like themselves
Attraction & Withdrawl(6)
1)social smiling[2m]
2)laughter[3-4m]
3)displeasure: frustration, sadness
4)stranger wariness[6-15m]
5)separation anxiety[8-10m]
6)emotional regulation
Self Awarness
15-24m
understanding of self as an object
Rough/Mirror Test
does the baby touch their own nose or the mirror?
Five Rochat’s stages
1)differentiation: self vs non-self awareness[from birth]
2)situation: imitation,reaching for objects away from self[by 2m]
3)identification: se;f-referential language, pass rogue test[by 2y]
4)permanence: one’s sense of self persists through time & space
5)self-awareness/meta-self-awarness: third person perspective
