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PSYCH 102 > Human Development during infancy > Flashcards

Human Development during infancy Flashcards

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1
Q

Brain Growth in the first two years

A

1)physical brain growth increases. 2)neural development. 3)prefrontal cortex

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2
Q

Reflexes: survival + development

A

survival: rooting reflex, breathing, sucking reflex
development: moro reflex, stepping reflex, palmar grasp

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3
Q

Motor development

A

follows cephalocaudal(head-down)
proximodistal( center-out)

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4
Q

Gross Motor

A

Large Muscles

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5
Q

Fine Motor

A

small, coordinated muscle movements
- pinching, grasping

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6
Q

Sensory Development(4)

A

1)sight.2)hearing.3)touch/pain.4)taste/smell

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7
Q

Sight

A

least developed at birth
reference for faces, unusual/interesting/exciting images

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8
Q

Hearing

A

Most developed at birth
in the womb the baby knows the sound of the mother’s voice

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9
Q

Touch/Pain

A

physiological reactions indicate sensation of pain
touch: necessary and comforting

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10
Q

Taste/Smell

A

ability to distinguish flavors
identify mother’s smell easily

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11
Q

Colostrum

A

“liquid gold”
nutrient dense, for the babies first days of life

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12
Q

Breast milk contains…

A

iron, protein, fats for proper development

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13
Q

Why might formula be used as an alternative to breasteeding?(4)

A

not enough milk production
adoption
two father home
mother has a communicable disease

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14
Q

Malnutrition(3)

A

1)Kwashiorkor.2)Marasmus.3)Milk anemia

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15
Q

Kwashiorkor

A

“displaced child’s disease”
lack of sufficient nutrition

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16
Q

Marasmus

A

starvation for lack of calories and or protein

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17
Q

SIDS or SUIDS meaning

A

Sudden (Unexected) Infant Death Syndrome

18
Q

Some ways to prevent SIDS

A

Back Sleeping + nothing in the bed with the baby(blankets, pillows, stuffed animals)

Co-Sleeping;skin2skin contact benefit, risk of suffocation especially with adult being under the influence

19
Q

Herd Immunity

A

90%+ of the population is vaccinated

20
Q

Schemas
- assimilation
-accommodation

A

mental representation used to understand the world

21
Q

Assimilation

A

modification of new information to fit into our existing schemas

22
Q

Accommadation

A

reorganizing what we know to fit new information

23
Q

Six stages of sensorimotor intelligence

A

1)reflexes{birth-6w}
2)primary circular reactions[6w-4m]
3)secondary circular reactions[4m-8m]
4)coordination of secondary circular reactions[8m-12m]
5)tertiary circular reactions[12-18m]
6)mental representation[18-24m]

24
Q

Object Permanence

A

12-24m
Knowing something exists when out of sight

25
Q

Infantile Amnesia

A

lack of memory years later

26
Q

Phonemes + Morphemes

A

Phonemes- basic units of speech
Morphemes- smallest meaningful units of speech

27
Q

Seven Stages of Language Development

A

1)reflective communication
2)reflective communication + interest in others
3)intentional communication
4) first words
5)simple sentences[2 words]
6)sentences [3+ words]
7)complex sentences[conversations]

28
Q

intentional vocalizations

A

gurgling, cooing, learn conversational cadences

29
Q

holophrasic speech

A

partial words conveying thoughts

30
Q

underextension + overextension

A

under-
a word may only be used for one specific thing[ “Mommy”]

over-
generalizing

31
Q

Nativism

A

Noam Chomsky
language acquisition device
children learn language through exposure

32
Q

Language acquisition Device

A

the innate ability to learn language, understand conventions and syntax

33
Q

Behaviorism

A

B.F Skinner
language is taught through reinforcement

34
Q

Social Pragmatics

A

Tomasello & Hermann
communication develops from need to communicate
join social world

35
Q

Kohllberg Theory

A

At Birth, all humans are void of morals,ethics, and honesty

36
Q

Hamlin & Wynn Experiments

A

Children prefer prosocial behavior and others like themselves

37
Q

Attraction & Withdrawl(6)

A

1)social smiling[2m]
2)laughter[3-4m]
3)displeasure: frustration, sadness
4)stranger wariness[6-15m]
5)separation anxiety[8-10m]
6)emotional regulation

38
Q

Self Awarness

A

15-24m
understanding of self as an object

39
Q

Rough/Mirror Test

A

does the baby touch their own nose or the mirror?

40
Q

Five Rochat’s stages

A

1)differentiation: self vs non-self awareness[from birth]
2)situation: imitation,reaching for objects away from self[by 2m]
3)identification: se;f-referential language, pass rogue test[by 2y]
4)permanence: one’s sense of self persists through time & space
5)self-awareness/meta-self-awarness: third person perspective

PSYCH 102 (12 decks)

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