Late Adulthood Flashcards
Selective Optimization with Compensation
a strategy for improving health and well being in older adults and a model for successful aging
Senescence or Biological aging
the gradual deterioration of functional characteristics
The Young Old(65 to 74)
Less likely to be require long-term care, to be dependent or poor,a den more likely to be married working for pleasure, and living independently
Physical activity decreases, still less likely to experience heart disease, cancer, or stroke
The Old Old(75 to 84)
more likely to experience limitations or physical activity due to chronic disease and hearing or visual impairments
The Oldest Old(85+)
more likely to require long-term care and to be in nursing homes or living with relatives
Centenarians
people aged 100 or older and are both rare and distinct from the rest of the older population
inspected to increase to 601k by 250
Blue Zone Research (6 characteristics)
regions of the world where researchers claim that people live much longer than average
shared characteristics: family, less smoking, semi-vegetarian, constant moderate physical activity, social engagement,legume consumption
Active life expectancy
the number of years a person can expect to live without disability
Life Expectancy
a statistical measure of the average time an organism is expected to live,based on the year of its birth, its current age, and other demographic factors including gender
Quality of Life (11)
the general well-being of individuals and societies, including life satisfaction, physical health, family, education, employment, wealth, safety, security, freedom, religious beliefs, and the enviornment
Primary aging
the process by which cells irreversible stop dividing and enter a state of permanent growth arrest without undergoing cell death
cochlear implant
electronic device that consists of a microphone, a speech processor, and an electrode array to directly stimulate the auditory nerve to transmit information to the brain
conductive hearing loss
failure in the vibration of the eardrum and/or movement of the ossicles
Meniere disease
results in a degeneration of inner ear structures that can lead to hearing loss, tinnitus, vertigo, and increase in pressure within the inner ear
Glaucoma
when pressure in the fluid of the eye increases
cataracts
cloudy or opaque areas of the lens of the eye that interfere with passing light
macular degeneration
most common cause of blindness in people over 60
diabetic retinopathy
damage occurs to the retina due to diabetes mellitus
secondary aging
changes that are caused by illness or disease
they reduce independence, impact quality of life, affect family members and other caregivers, and bring financial burden
primary and secondary aging differences
primary aging is irreversible and is due to genetic predisposition while secondary aging is potentially irreversible and a result of illinois’s, health habits, and other individual differences
Chronic Illness predictions
increase by more than one percent per year by 2030 resulting in 171 million americans
Current chronic illiness percentages
one in two americans;133 million has at least one chronic medical condition
(between the ages of 18 to 64)
Common chronic conditions(4)
high blood pressure
arthritis
emphysema
high cholesterol
vertigo
a sense of spinning
elderspeak
patronizing form of speech when talking with older adults
leading cause of death and severe long-term disability
strokes
Cancer Deaths
60% of newly diagnosed malignant tumors and 70% of cancer deaths occur in people 65+
arthritis
any disorder that affects joints
over 100 types
most common form is osteoarthritis(degenerative joint disease) and rheumatoid arthritis
Type 2 diabetes
primarily occurs as a result of obesity and lack of exercise with lifestyle
osteoporosis
a disease in which bone weakening increase the risk of a broken bone and becomes more common with age
Parkinson’s disease(PD)
a long term degenerative disorder of the central nervous system mainly affecting the motor system
genetic and environmental factors are involved
peripheral slowing hypothesis
processing speed declines in the peripheral nervous system, impacting the brain’s ability to communicate with muscles and organs
generalized slowing hypothesis
there is less efficient processing in all parts of the nervous system as we age
Hayflick limit
the limited number of times a cell divid and then stop
(about 50 times before stopping)
Free radical theory of aging (FRTA)
organisms age because cells accumulate free radicals damage over time
Free radicals
any atom or molecule with a single unpaired electron in an outer shell
Aging affects on Memory
create small decrements in the sensitivity of the senses
Difficulty hearing and seeing and not storing that information in memory
Working memory
a cognitive system with a limited capacity that holds information for processing temporarily
Long term memory
the storage of information for long periods of time
Integrity vs Despair
the goal is integrity, consisting of the ability to look back over life with a feeling of satisfaction, peace, and gratitude
when does despair occur
when a person looks back at one’s life as unproductive and is dissatisfied
Activity theory
he avoidance of a sedentary lifestyle and considers it essential to health and happiness that the older person remains active physically and socially
Disengagement theory
emphasizes that older adults should not be discouraged from following their inclination towards solitude and greater inactivity rather than keeping the older person artificially busy
continuity theory
suggests that people continue to view the self in much the same way as they did when they were younger
ageism
prejudice and discrimination that is directed at older people and can often lead to a self-fulfilling prophecy
gerontrocracy
a type of social structure wherein the power is held by a society’s oldest members
socioemotional selective theory
older adults become more selective in their friendships than when they were younger and are more likely to be based on a sense of connection
