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PSYCH 102 > Late Adulthood > Flashcards

Late Adulthood Flashcards

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1
Q

Selective Optimization with Compensation

A

a strategy for improving health and well being in older adults and a model for successful aging

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2
Q

Senescence or Biological aging

A

the gradual deterioration of functional characteristics

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3
Q

The Young Old(65 to 74)

A

Less likely to be require long-term care, to be dependent or poor,a den more likely to be married working for pleasure, and living independently

Physical activity decreases, still less likely to experience heart disease, cancer, or stroke

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4
Q

The Old Old(75 to 84)

A

more likely to experience limitations or physical activity due to chronic disease and hearing or visual impairments

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5
Q

The Oldest Old(85+)

A

more likely to require long-term care and to be in nursing homes or living with relatives

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6
Q

Centenarians

A

people aged 100 or older and are both rare and distinct from the rest of the older population

inspected to increase to 601k by 250

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7
Q

Blue Zone Research (6 characteristics)

A

regions of the world where researchers claim that people live much longer than average
shared characteristics: family, less smoking, semi-vegetarian, constant moderate physical activity, social engagement,legume consumption

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8
Q

Active life expectancy

A

the number of years a person can expect to live without disability

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9
Q

Life Expectancy

A

a statistical measure of the average time an organism is expected to live,based on the year of its birth, its current age, and other demographic factors including gender

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10
Q

Quality of Life (11)

A

the general well-being of individuals and societies, including life satisfaction, physical health, family, education, employment, wealth, safety, security, freedom, religious beliefs, and the enviornment

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11
Q

Primary aging

A

the process by which cells irreversible stop dividing and enter a state of permanent growth arrest without undergoing cell death

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12
Q

cochlear implant

A

electronic device that consists of a microphone, a speech processor, and an electrode array to directly stimulate the auditory nerve to transmit information to the brain

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13
Q

conductive hearing loss

A

failure in the vibration of the eardrum and/or movement of the ossicles

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14
Q

Meniere disease

A

results in a degeneration of inner ear structures that can lead to hearing loss, tinnitus, vertigo, and increase in pressure within the inner ear

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15
Q

Glaucoma

A

when pressure in the fluid of the eye increases

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16
Q

cataracts

A

cloudy or opaque areas of the lens of the eye that interfere with passing light

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17
Q

macular degeneration

A

most common cause of blindness in people over 60

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18
Q

diabetic retinopathy

A

damage occurs to the retina due to diabetes mellitus

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19
Q

secondary aging

A

changes that are caused by illness or disease
they reduce independence, impact quality of life, affect family members and other caregivers, and bring financial burden

20
Q

primary and secondary aging differences

A

primary aging is irreversible and is due to genetic predisposition while secondary aging is potentially irreversible and a result of illinois’s, health habits, and other individual differences

21
Q

Chronic Illness predictions

A

increase by more than one percent per year by 2030 resulting in 171 million americans

22
Q

Current chronic illiness percentages

A

one in two americans;133 million has at least one chronic medical condition
(between the ages of 18 to 64)

23
Q

Common chronic conditions(4)

A

high blood pressure
arthritis
emphysema
high cholesterol

24
Q

vertigo

A

a sense of spinning

25
Q

elderspeak

A

patronizing form of speech when talking with older adults

26
Q

leading cause of death and severe long-term disability

A

strokes

27
Q

Cancer Deaths

A

60% of newly diagnosed malignant tumors and 70% of cancer deaths occur in people 65+

28
Q

arthritis

A

any disorder that affects joints
over 100 types
most common form is osteoarthritis(degenerative joint disease) and rheumatoid arthritis

29
Q

Type 2 diabetes

A

primarily occurs as a result of obesity and lack of exercise with lifestyle

30
Q

osteoporosis

A

a disease in which bone weakening increase the risk of a broken bone and becomes more common with age

31
Q

Parkinson’s disease(PD)

A

a long term degenerative disorder of the central nervous system mainly affecting the motor system

genetic and environmental factors are involved

32
Q

peripheral slowing hypothesis

A

processing speed declines in the peripheral nervous system, impacting the brain’s ability to communicate with muscles and organs

33
Q

generalized slowing hypothesis

A

there is less efficient processing in all parts of the nervous system as we age

34
Q

Hayflick limit

A

the limited number of times a cell divid and then stop
(about 50 times before stopping)

35
Q

Free radical theory of aging (FRTA)

A

organisms age because cells accumulate free radicals damage over time

36
Q

Free radicals

A

any atom or molecule with a single unpaired electron in an outer shell

37
Q

Aging affects on Memory

A

create small decrements in the sensitivity of the senses
Difficulty hearing and seeing and not storing that information in memory

38
Q

Working memory

A

a cognitive system with a limited capacity that holds information for processing temporarily

39
Q

Long term memory

A

the storage of information for long periods of time

40
Q

Integrity vs Despair

A

the goal is integrity, consisting of the ability to look back over life with a feeling of satisfaction, peace, and gratitude

41
Q

when does despair occur

A

when a person looks back at one’s life as unproductive and is dissatisfied

42
Q

Activity theory

A

he avoidance of a sedentary lifestyle and considers it essential to health and happiness that the older person remains active physically and socially

43
Q

Disengagement theory

A

emphasizes that older adults should not be discouraged from following their inclination towards solitude and greater inactivity rather than keeping the older person artificially busy

44
Q

continuity theory

A

suggests that people continue to view the self in much the same way as they did when they were younger

45
Q

ageism

A

prejudice and discrimination that is directed at older people and can often lead to a self-fulfilling prophecy

46
Q

gerontrocracy

A

a type of social structure wherein the power is held by a society’s oldest members

47
Q

socioemotional selective theory

A

older adults become more selective in their friendships than when they were younger and are more likely to be based on a sense of connection

PSYCH 102 (12 decks)

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