Mod 7- Adolescence Flashcards
First Growth spurt
- cephalocaudal/proximodial patterns
- joint development
Second Growth Spurt
- muscle fibers
- heart and lung
- body fat levels
Puberty
the period of rapid growth and sexual development that begins somewhere from 8-14
10-11 for girls
11-12 for boys
Organizational role(hormonal changes)
priming the body to behave in a certain way
Activational role(hormonal changes)
triggering certain behavioral and physical changes
Adrenarche
the first puberty phase
increased production of adrenal androgens
- skeletal growth
Gonadarche
the second puberty phase
increased production of hormones governing physical and sexual maturation
Milestones of Puberty(5)
- pituitary gland signals adrenal gland
- androgen produced
3.pituitary hormones stimulate growth of ovaries or testes - testosterone and estrogen produced
5.other growth hormones produced
menarche
first menstruation;12-13
occurs so 4 years after the beginning of other visible signs of puberty
spermarche
the first boys ejaculation of sperm;13-14
Primary Sex characteristics(4)
sexual organs needed for reproduction
uterus, ovaries, testes, penis
Secondary Sex Characteristics(4)
physical signs of sexual maturation
development of breasts and hips
facial and public hair
increased muscle and bone mass
voice pitch changed
Sexual Behavior findings
boys are more sexually active than girls
the rate of teen sexual behavior has declined substantially over the last three decades
Male puberty sequence
growth of testes, public and facial hair growth, first ejaculation of seminal fluid, peak growth spurt deepening of the voice
Prefrontal cortex growth
involved in decision making and cognitive control
myelination and synaptic pruning increases
Amygdala
part of the limbic system which involved with emotions and emotional responses
dopamine
a neurotransmitter that plays a role in pleasure and the reward system
increases in the limbic system then the prefrontal cortex
frontal lobes
involved in impulse control, planning, and higher order thinking
limbic system
processing emotional experience, rewards and punishments
develops years before the prefrontal cortex
melatonin
sleep hormones that rise at night and lower in the morning
serotonin
a neurotransmitter in the brain regulating mood and behavior
“calming chemical”
characteristics of girls who are sexually active(4)
-early menarche
-low interest in school and school activities
-early dating
-history of sexual abuse
activities and moral beliefs that influence lower sexual activity amoung teens(4)
-believes premarital sex is wrong
-attends religious services
-participate in school activities
-doesn’t use alcohol
Anorexia nervosa
has the highest mortality rate
self-starvation, undereating and over exercising
binge-eating
the most common eating disorder
episodes of eating large quantities of food
body dissatisfaction
negative subject evaluation of the weight and shape of one’s own body
body image
a person’s idea of how their body looks
bulimia nervosa
binge eating and purging usually induced by vomiting and/or laxatives
Masturbation
sexual self-stimulation, achieved by touching,stroking, or massaging the genitals
muscles dysmorphia
also called reverse anorexia
obsession with being small and underdeveloped;extreme concern with being muscular
Sensation seeking
the desire to experience increased levels of arousal through risky behavior
related to use of drugs/alcoho
Adolescent egocentrism
a characteristic of adolescents thinking that leads them to focus on themselves to the exclusion of others
thinking the world revolves around them
Analytic thought
logic and rationality based on analysis
behavioral decision-making theory
proposes that adolescents and adults both weigh the potential rewards and consequences of an action
constructive perspective
piaget
adolescents’ cognitive improvement is relatively sudden and drastic as adolescents learn by acting on their environment and they actively construct knowledge
deductive reasoning
top-down processing
reasoning from a general statement,premise, or principle through logical steps
Divided attention
the ability pay attention to two or more stimuli at the same time
Formal operational thought
Piaget’s last theory of cognitive development
logical thinking and the ability to understand and systematically manipulate abstract concepts
personal fable
an aspect of adolescent egocentrism characterized by an adolescent’s belief that their thoughts, feelings, and experiences are unique, more wonderful, or more awful than anyone else’s
relative thinking
thinking that understands the relative, or situational, nature of circumstances
Reason for middle schools
the average age of puberty has declined over the years
also a way to distinguish between early adolescence and last adolescence because they differ biologically, cognitively, emotionally and need wise
Bullying Percentages in Adolescence
20% ages 12-18 been bullied on school property
30% bully
70.6% seen bullying
15-49% been cyber bullied
Major depression
15% or 1 in 5 girls and 1 in 10 boys
James Marcia 4 identity statuses
identity __
1. achievement
2. moratoriums
3.foreclosure
4. diffusion
Identity Achievement
High/Present Commitment
+
High/Present Exploration/Crisis
Has explored options and found what they want to do
Identity Moratorium
Low/Absent Committment
+
High/Present Exploration/Crisis
Thinking about it a lot, exploring options but hasn’t committed to anything yet
Identity Foreclosure
High/Present Committment
+
Low/Absent Exploration/Crisis
closed on other options, has already mentally decided. Maybe their family has a history/pattern of going into nursing or business to they only see themselves in nursing or business.Hasnt put enough thought into, might end up not liking it or not being good in it
Identity Diffusion
Low/Absent Committment
+
Low/Absent Exploration/Crisis
Not thinking about their future, not exploring options,and hasn’t committed to anything,
cisgender
people who sense of personal identity and gender corresponds with their sex assigned at birth
foreclosure
Marcia’s theory of premature identity formation
when an adolescence adopts their parents’ or society’s role and values without questioning or analysis
gender
social or cultural distinctions of behaviors that are considered male, female, or another gender
gender dysphoria
when the gender/sex as assigned at birth is contrary to the gender they identify with
gender expression
how one demonstrates gender
gender identity
the way that one thinks about gender and self-identifies
identity vs role confusion
“who am i?”
moratorium
an adolescent’s choice of a socially acceptable way to postpone making identity-achievement decisions
role confusion
a situation when an adolescent doesn’t known or care what their identity is
self concept
individual perceptions of our behavior, abilities, and unique characteristics
self esteem
the way individuals perceive themselves and their self-value
sex
the prescience of physical or physiological differences between males and females
transgender
a term to describe people who sense of personal identity does not correspond with their sex assigned at birth
clique
a group of persons who interact with each other regularly and intensely than others in the same setting
crowds
large groups of adolescents defined by their shared image and reputation
homophily
a tendency of individuals to form links disproportionately with others like themselves
deviant peer contagion
process by which peers reinforce problem behavior by laughing or showing signs of approval
peer pressure
encouragement to conform to one’s friends or contemporaries in behavior, dress, and attitude
sexual orientation
whether a person is sexually and romantically attracted to others of the same sex, another, or both sexes
Major depression
feelings of hopelessness, lethargy, and worthlessness that last two weeks or more
parasuicide
attempted suicide or failed suicide
any potentially lethal action against self that does not result in death
suicide
the act of intentionally causing one’s own death
suicidal ideation
thinking about suicide, usually with some serious emotional and intellectual or cognitive overtones
imaginary audience
the other people who, in an adolescent’s egocentric belief, are watching and taking note of their appearance, ideas, and behavior.
