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PSYCH 102 > Mod 7- Adolescence > Flashcards

Mod 7- Adolescence Flashcards

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1
Q

First Growth spurt

A
  • cephalocaudal/proximodial patterns
  • joint development
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2
Q

Second Growth Spurt

A
  • muscle fibers
  • heart and lung
  • body fat levels
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3
Q

Puberty

A

the period of rapid growth and sexual development that begins somewhere from 8-14
10-11 for girls
11-12 for boys

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4
Q

Organizational role(hormonal changes)

A

priming the body to behave in a certain way

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5
Q

Activational role(hormonal changes)

A

triggering certain behavioral and physical changes

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6
Q

Adrenarche

A

the first puberty phase
increased production of adrenal androgens
- skeletal growth

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7
Q

Gonadarche

A

the second puberty phase
increased production of hormones governing physical and sexual maturation

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8
Q

Milestones of Puberty(5)

A
  1. pituitary gland signals adrenal gland
  2. androgen produced
    3.pituitary hormones stimulate growth of ovaries or testes
  3. testosterone and estrogen produced
    5.other growth hormones produced
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9
Q

menarche

A

first menstruation;12-13
occurs so 4 years after the beginning of other visible signs of puberty

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10
Q

spermarche

A

the first boys ejaculation of sperm;13-14

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11
Q

Primary Sex characteristics(4)

A

sexual organs needed for reproduction
uterus, ovaries, testes, penis

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12
Q

Secondary Sex Characteristics(4)

A

physical signs of sexual maturation
development of breasts and hips
facial and public hair
increased muscle and bone mass
voice pitch changed

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13
Q

Sexual Behavior findings

A

boys are more sexually active than girls
the rate of teen sexual behavior has declined substantially over the last three decades

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14
Q

Male puberty sequence

A

growth of testes, public and facial hair growth, first ejaculation of seminal fluid, peak growth spurt deepening of the voice

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15
Q

Prefrontal cortex growth

A

involved in decision making and cognitive control
myelination and synaptic pruning increases

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16
Q

Amygdala

A

part of the limbic system which involved with emotions and emotional responses

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17
Q

dopamine

A

a neurotransmitter that plays a role in pleasure and the reward system
increases in the limbic system then the prefrontal cortex

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18
Q

frontal lobes

A

involved in impulse control, planning, and higher order thinking

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19
Q

limbic system

A

processing emotional experience, rewards and punishments
develops years before the prefrontal cortex

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20
Q

melatonin

A

sleep hormones that rise at night and lower in the morning

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21
Q

serotonin

A

a neurotransmitter in the brain regulating mood and behavior
“calming chemical”

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22
Q

characteristics of girls who are sexually active(4)

A

-early menarche
-low interest in school and school activities
-early dating
-history of sexual abuse

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23
Q

activities and moral beliefs that influence lower sexual activity amoung teens(4)

A

-believes premarital sex is wrong
-attends religious services
-participate in school activities
-doesn’t use alcohol

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24
Q

Anorexia nervosa

A

has the highest mortality rate
self-starvation, undereating and over exercising

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25
Q

binge-eating

A

the most common eating disorder
episodes of eating large quantities of food

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26
Q

body dissatisfaction

A

negative subject evaluation of the weight and shape of one’s own body

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27
Q

body image

A

a person’s idea of how their body looks

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28
Q

bulimia nervosa

A

binge eating and purging usually induced by vomiting and/or laxatives

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29
Q

Masturbation

A

sexual self-stimulation, achieved by touching,stroking, or massaging the genitals

30
Q

muscles dysmorphia

A

also called reverse anorexia
obsession with being small and underdeveloped;extreme concern with being muscular

31
Q

Sensation seeking

A

the desire to experience increased levels of arousal through risky behavior
related to use of drugs/alcoho

32
Q

Adolescent egocentrism

A

a characteristic of adolescents thinking that leads them to focus on themselves to the exclusion of others
thinking the world revolves around them

33
Q

Analytic thought

A

logic and rationality based on analysis

34
Q

behavioral decision-making theory

A

proposes that adolescents and adults both weigh the potential rewards and consequences of an action

35
Q

constructive perspective

A

piaget
adolescents’ cognitive improvement is relatively sudden and drastic as adolescents learn by acting on their environment and they actively construct knowledge

36
Q

deductive reasoning

A

top-down processing
reasoning from a general statement,premise, or principle through logical steps

37
Q

Divided attention

A

the ability pay attention to two or more stimuli at the same time

38
Q

Formal operational thought

A

Piaget’s last theory of cognitive development
logical thinking and the ability to understand and systematically manipulate abstract concepts

39
Q

personal fable

A

an aspect of adolescent egocentrism characterized by an adolescent’s belief that their thoughts, feelings, and experiences are unique, more wonderful, or more awful than anyone else’s

40
Q

relative thinking

A

thinking that understands the relative, or situational, nature of circumstances

41
Q

Reason for middle schools

A

the average age of puberty has declined over the years
also a way to distinguish between early adolescence and last adolescence because they differ biologically, cognitively, emotionally and need wise

42
Q

Bullying Percentages in Adolescence

A

20% ages 12-18 been bullied on school property
30% bully
70.6% seen bullying
15-49% been cyber bullied

43
Q

Major depression

A

15% or 1 in 5 girls and 1 in 10 boys

44
Q

James Marcia 4 identity statuses

A

identity __
1. achievement
2. moratoriums
3.foreclosure
4. diffusion

45
Q

Identity Achievement

A

High/Present Commitment
+
High/Present Exploration/Crisis

Has explored options and found what they want to do

46
Q

Identity Moratorium

A

Low/Absent Committment
+
High/Present Exploration/Crisis

Thinking about it a lot, exploring options but hasn’t committed to anything yet

47
Q

Identity Foreclosure

A

High/Present Committment
+
Low/Absent Exploration/Crisis

closed on other options, has already mentally decided. Maybe their family has a history/pattern of going into nursing or business to they only see themselves in nursing or business.Hasnt put enough thought into, might end up not liking it or not being good in it

48
Q

Identity Diffusion

A

Low/Absent Committment
+
Low/Absent Exploration/Crisis

Not thinking about their future, not exploring options,and hasn’t committed to anything,

49
Q

cisgender

A

people who sense of personal identity and gender corresponds with their sex assigned at birth

50
Q

foreclosure

A

Marcia’s theory of premature identity formation
when an adolescence adopts their parents’ or society’s role and values without questioning or analysis

51
Q

gender

A

social or cultural distinctions of behaviors that are considered male, female, or another gender

52
Q

gender dysphoria

A

when the gender/sex as assigned at birth is contrary to the gender they identify with

53
Q

gender expression

A

how one demonstrates gender

54
Q

gender identity

A

the way that one thinks about gender and self-identifies

55
Q

identity vs role confusion

A

“who am i?”

56
Q

moratorium

A

an adolescent’s choice of a socially acceptable way to postpone making identity-achievement decisions

57
Q

role confusion

A

a situation when an adolescent doesn’t known or care what their identity is

58
Q

self concept

A

individual perceptions of our behavior, abilities, and unique characteristics

59
Q

self esteem

A

the way individuals perceive themselves and their self-value

60
Q

sex

A

the prescience of physical or physiological differences between males and females

61
Q

transgender

A

a term to describe people who sense of personal identity does not correspond with their sex assigned at birth

62
Q

clique

A

a group of persons who interact with each other regularly and intensely than others in the same setting

63
Q

crowds

A

large groups of adolescents defined by their shared image and reputation

64
Q

homophily

A

a tendency of individuals to form links disproportionately with others like themselves

65
Q

deviant peer contagion

A

process by which peers reinforce problem behavior by laughing or showing signs of approval

66
Q

peer pressure

A

encouragement to conform to one’s friends or contemporaries in behavior, dress, and attitude

67
Q

sexual orientation

A

whether a person is sexually and romantically attracted to others of the same sex, another, or both sexes

68
Q

Major depression

A

feelings of hopelessness, lethargy, and worthlessness that last two weeks or more

69
Q

parasuicide

A

attempted suicide or failed suicide
any potentially lethal action against self that does not result in death

70
Q

suicide

A

the act of intentionally causing one’s own death

71
Q

suicidal ideation

A

thinking about suicide, usually with some serious emotional and intellectual or cognitive overtones

72
Q

imaginary audience

A

the other people who, in an adolescent’s egocentric belief, are watching and taking note of their appearance, ideas, and behavior.

PSYCH 102 (12 decks)

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