Pre-Natal

Question 1

Evolutionary psychology

Answer 1

universal patterns of behavior and cognitive process evolving over time

Question 2

Theory of natural selection

Answer 2

survival and reproduction of organisms better suited for their environment over those poorly suited

Question 3

Genotype

Answer 3

genetic blueprint

Question 4

Phenotype

Answer 4

observable characteristics

Question 5

homozygous

Answer 5

two copies of the same allele

Question 6

heterozygous

Answer 6

combination of alleles

Question 7

prenatal screening

Answer 7

finding problems among a large population with affordable and noninvasive methods
-ultrasounds, blood tests,blood pressure readings

Question 8

prenatal diagnosis

Answer 8

pursing additional detailed information once a particular problem has been found.(can be invasive)
can find: neural tube defects, anatomical defects, chromosomal abnormalities, gene mutations

Question 9

Epigenetics

Answer 9

psychological development as the result of ongoing,bi directional interchange between heredity and the environment

Question 10

Monozygotic

Answer 10

twin occurs when a single zygote or fertilized egg slits apart in the first two weeks of development
-two separate identical offspring
- 60 to 70% of monozygotic twins share the same placenta but separate amniotic sacs

Question 11

Dizygotic

Answer 11

fraternal twins

Question 12

Conjoined twins

Answer 12

monozygotic twins whose bodies are joined during pregnancy

Question 13

Vanishing twins

Answer 13

1 in 8 pregnancies start out as multiples but only a single fetus is brought to full term

Question 14

Germinal Period

Answer 14

week 1-2
conception to implantation
fertilized egg forms a zygote as a one-cell structure
genetic makeup and sex of the baby are set
the zygote divides and multiplies through process of mitosis then implants into the uterine lining

Question 15

Embryonic period

Answer 15

week 3-8
neural tube develops
forms foundations of all body organs and systems
many organs and systems being to function

Question 16

Fetal Stage

Answer 16

week 9-40
growth from 1/4 ounce and 1 inch to 7 pounds and 20 inches in length
refinement of all organ systems
neuronal proliferation
viable at week 24; full term at week 37

Question 17

Teratogens

Answer 17

factors that can contribute to birth defects
- maternal diseases, drugs, alcohol, stress, environmental and occupational exposures

Question 18

Alcohol defects

Answer 18

consuming during the second month
fetal alcohol spectrum disorders(FASD

Question 19

Tobacco defects(5)

Answer 19

low birth rate, placenta previa, preterm delivery, fetal growth restriction, sudden infant death syndrome

Question 20

Drugs

Answer 20

Illicit drugs can cause low birth weight, withdrawal symptoms, birth defects, learning and behavioral problems
-inhalants, accutane/vitamin a, streptomycin, penicillin, tetracycline, diet pills
- prescription, otc drugs, marijuana methamphetamine, heroin, cocaine, tabacco, alcohol

Question 21

maternal diseases

Answer 21

increases the chance that the baby will be born with a birth defect or have a chronic health problem
-cancer, toxoplasmosis, chicken pox, parvovirus, hepatitis b, chlamydia, tuberculosis

Question 22

maternal stress

Answer 22

because of a link in blood supply between mother and fetus, stress can leave lasting effects on a developing fetus

Question 23

Child Birth methods(8 )

Answer 23

1. Morgan method or hypnobirthing
   2.lamaze method
2. bradley method
   4.nurse midwives
   5.home births
   6.birthing centers
   7.water birth
   8.hospital birth

Question 24

Morgan Method or HypnoBirting

Answer 24

Dick-Read Method
emphasizes relaxation and proper breathing with contractions as well as family support and education

Question 25

The Lamaze Method

Answer 25

woman in control of delivery through muscle relaxation, breathing through contractions, having a focal point during contractions

Question 26

The Bradley Method

Answer 26

deliver naturally with few or no drugs emphasizing excellent nutrition and exercise, relaxation techniques for pain, partner as coach

Question 27

Nurse Midwives

Answer 27

for women who are at low risk for birth complications at home, in a birthing centers, or hospital

Question 28

Home Births

Answer 28

common for women who have had previous pregnancies, are 25+, and white

Question 29

Birthing Centers

Answer 29

home-like environment than a hospital labor ward with more options during labor and decor to emphasize the normality of birth

Question 30

Water birth

Answer 30

help alleviates discomfort and pressure for the mother and can include laboring and or giving birth in a warm tub of water

Question 31

Hospital birth

Answer 31

most common
includes either natural pain relief methods or medications and medical interventions that relieve pain

Question 32

Why are Cesarean deliveries performed?
(5)

Answer 32

fetal distress
breech presentation
birth size
poor progress during labor
mother’s health and age concerns

Question 33

Low Birth Weight

Answer 33

under 5.5 pounds
unable to regulate their body temperature
risk for cerebral palsy

Question 34

Pre-term

Answer 34

mostly born before week 38

Question 35

Neonatal Behavioral Assessment Scale

Answer 35

assesses the baby’s motor development, muscle tone, stress response

Question 36

APGAR

Answer 36

conducted 1 to 5 minuted after birth and measures the heart rate, respiration, muscle tone, reflex response
any score 5 or under being. cause for concern

Question 37

Hypoxia & Apoxia

Answer 37

H: lack of adequate amount of oxygen
A: complete lack of oxygen
- can lead to brain damage
- can e caused by umbilical cord problems, birth canal problems, blocked airways, and placenta abruption