Scientific Method PPT Flashcards
the systematic study of nature
science
List the criteria of science.
limited to only what is observable,
must be testable in a repeatable way,
unbiased
How do you study science?
the scientific method
How many steps are there in the scientific method?
7
What are the steps of the scientific method?
- Observation
- Hypothesis
- Predictions
- Testing
- Revise and Repeat
- Report Results
- Draw Conclusions
a tentative explanation of some regularity of nature; a testable answer based on your observations
hypothesis
H₁
hypothesis
allows statistical testing of the hypothesis; opposite of hypothesis
null hypothesis
H₀
null hypothesis
What are the two types of logic used to develop hypotheses?
inductive and deductive logic
type of logic which uses specific observations to come up with a general conclusion
inductive logic
The following is an example of which type of logic?
Every time I kick a ball into the air, I observe it come down.
(Therefore, anything that I kick into the air will come back down.)
inductive logic
type of logic which uses accepted general principles to come to a specific conclusion
deductive logic
The following is an example of which type of logic?
The law of gravity states that if something goes up, it must come down.
(Therefore, if you kick a ball into the air, it will come down.)
deductive logic
a hypothesis that has been tested numerous times and remains consistent
theory
Give an example of a theory.
gravitational theory (still true after thousands of years)
what you expect if your hypothesis is correct; usually an if… then statement
prediction
How do you test predictions?
experiment
In an experiment, you are trying to verify your ___?
hypothesis
List three options for experimentation.
- Systemic Observations
- Modeling
- Experiments
All experiments are influenced by ___.
variables
a specific aspect of an object that can differ; scientists measure and change them during an experiment
variables
List the types of variables.
independent and dependent variables
type of variable controlled/manipulated by the investigator
independent variable
type of variable that is not controlled; gets changed as a result of the manipulation on the other variable; what you are measuring
dependent variable
the predetermined way in which the scientist manipulates the independent variable
treatment
a standard of comparison for the experimental group; identical to the experimental group except for one variable
control group
Are the experimental group and control group tested the same way?
yes
an essential part of experimentation; when other scientists evaluate the validity of the experiments
peer review
the probability that the results of an experiment arose purely by chance
statistical significance
