Membrane Transport PPT

Question 1

all materials must pass through the ___ to enter or exit the cell

Answer 1

plasma membrane

Question 2

plasma membrane is ___

Answer 2

semi-permeable

Question 3

List 3 ways to transport molecules.

Answer 3

1. diffusion through the membrane
2. protein transport
3. vesicular transport

Question 4

Transport mechanisms are categorized as either ___ or ___ processes.

Answer 4

passive,

active

Question 5

Molecules are in ___ random motion.

Answer 5

constant

Question 6

Molecules are more likely to interact when there is a ___ concentration.

Answer 6

high

Question 7

difference in the number of molecules between two regions

Answer 7

concentration gradient

Question 8

Which way will molecules move with a gradient?

Answer 8

from higher to lower concentration

Question 9

What is molecule movement driven by?

Answer 9

energy in each molecule

Question 10

the net movement of molecules down a concentration gradient; not affected by the concentration gradient of other molecules

Answer 10

diffusion

Question 11

List 4 factors that affect the rate of diffusion.

Answer 11

1. steepness of concentration gradient
2. temperature
3. molecule siz
4. nature (wind speed/ water currents)

Question 12

a result of diffusion; the energy of the molecules becomes equal; the molecules continue to move randomly but there is an equal amount of movement in both direction

Answer 12

equilibrium

Question 13

What can diffuse through the plasma membrane?

Answer 13

small, non-polar molecules;

lipids

Question 14

What is the most common substance to pass through the plasma membrane?

Answer 14

water

Question 15

Water can pass through specific water channels in the plasma membrane called ___.

Answer 15

aquaporins

Question 16

name for water diffusion

Answer 16

osmosis

Question 17

occurs when water concentration is different on the two sides of a membrane

Answer 17

osmosis

Question 18

Osmosis is dependent on the concentration of other molecules dissolved in the solution called ___.

Answer 18

solutes

Question 19

more solutes = less ___

Answer 19

water

Question 20

the concentration of all molecules dissolved in a solution

Answer 20

osmolarity

Question 21

ability of a solution to alter the cell’s water volume

Answer 21

tonicity

Question 22

solution with a higher solute concentration (less water)

Answer 22

hypertonic

Question 23

solution with a lower solute concentration (more water)

Answer 23

hypotonic

Question 24

when two solutions have the same solute concentration

Answer 24

isotonic

Question 25

Water moves from a ___ solution to a ___ solution.

Answer 25

hypotonic,
hypertonic;
(high to low concentration)

Question 26

If the cell’s fluids are isotonic to the external environment, then ___.

Answer 26

there is no change in cell volume

Question 27

If the environment is hypertonic, cells with ___. Why?

Answer 27

shrivel,

too much water diffusing out of the cell

Question 28

If the environment is hypotonic, cells will ___. Why?

Answer 28

burst,

too much water diffusing into the cell

Question 29

How do large molecules get through the plasma membrane?

Answer 29

transport proteins

Question 30

transmembrane proteins that act as channels or pores to pass molecules into or out of the cell; each protein will only transport a certain type of molecule

Answer 30

transport proteins

Question 31

List the 2 types of protein transport.

Answer 31

1. facilitated diffusion (carrier/channel)

2. active transport

Question 32

type of protein transport in which the transmembrane protein will only transport a particular molecule; molecule binds to the protein and is released on the other side of the membrane

Answer 32

facilitated diffusion: carrier

Question 33

What does the direction of molecule movement depend on in facilitated diffusion?

Answer 33

the concentration gradient;

molecules move from high to low concentration

Question 34

type of protein transport in which the protein is an “open door”; allows molecules to move in both directions depending on the concentration gradient; usually equalized the concentration

Answer 34

facilitated diffusion: channel

Question 35

type of protein transport which requires energy from ATP; goes against the concentration gradient (low to high concentration)

Answer 35

active transport

Question 36

example of active transport

Answer 36

sodium-potassium pump

Question 37

pumps sodium (Na) out of the cell and potassium (K) into the cell; creates a source of potential energy to do work; expels 3 Na⁺ for 2 K⁺ taken in

Answer 37

sodium-potassium pump

Question 38

used for bulk transport; move many molecules or single macromolecules into or out of the cell at one time; occurs through vesicles; requires cellular energy (e.g. ATP)

Answer 38

vesicular transport

Question 39

transport into, across, and then out of cell

Answer 39

transcytosis

Question 40

transport from one area or organelle in cell to another

Answer 40

vesicular trafficking

Question 41

vesicle pinches off of the plasma membrane and transports materials into the cell

Answer 41

endocytosis

Question 42

vesicle forms inside the cell and fuses with the plasma membrane releasing the contents outside

Answer 42

exocytosis

Question 43

“cell eating”; the material taken up is made up of particles

Answer 43

phagocytosis

Question 44

“cell drinking”; the material taken up is a liquid

Answer 44

pinocytosis

Question 45

allows transport of select molecules; molecules bind to specific sites on the plasma membrane; once molecules are in sites the plasma membrane forms a vesicle around them

Answer 45

receptor-mediated endocytosis