Exam 1

Question 1

“A change in details of the body plan and functions of organisms through generations” is the definition of ___.

Answer 1

evolution

Question 2

Which of the following characteristics is NOT unique to living organisms?
A. Living things consist of one or more cells.
B. Living things take in energy and materials.
C. Living things are made up of atoms.
D. Living things sense and respond to changes in their environment.

Answer 2

C. Living things are made up of atoms.

Question 3

Science is based on ___.

Answer 3

evidence

Question 4

In science the word “theory” ___.

Answer 4

signifies that a hypothesis has been tested and proven over a period of time

Question 5

Four of the five answers listed below are life processes that are characteristic of a normal life. Select the exception.
A. homeostasis
B. mutation
C. reproduction
D. energy usage
E. respiration

Answer 5

B. mutation

Question 6

Every living organism must have ___.

Answer 6

at least one cell

Question 7

Which of the following is Most accurate regarding cells?
A. All living organisms are made up of cells.
B. All cells divide by meiosis.
C. Cells arise through spontaneous generation.
D. Growth is solely the result of cell division.
E. All cells have a nucleus

Answer 7

A. All living organisms are made up of cells.

Question 8

In correct order, please write the appropriate steps (7) of the Scientific Method learned.

Answer 8

1. Observation
2. Hypothesis
3. Prediction
4. Testing
5. Revise and Repeat
6. Report Results
7. Draw Conclusions

?

Question 9

A ___ is the smallest structural and functional unit of life that can exist as a separate entity.

Answer 9

cell

Question 10

List (in order of smallest to largest) the levels of organization of an organism.

Answer 10

The organismal level, from smallest to largest, consists of tissue, organ, organ system, then a multicelled organism.

?

Question 11

Identify 2 necessary life functions and explain their importance.

Answer 11

1. Reproduction ensures that the species does not die off.
2. Homeostasis maintains a stable internal environment, regardless of what is happening externally.

?

Question 12

___ is the study of the body’s function.

Answer 12

Physiology

Question 13

___ is the study of the body’s structures.

Answer 13

Anatomy

Question 14

(T/F) The null hypothesis is the same as the hypothesis.

Answer 14

false

Question 15

(T/F) Deductive logic uses accepted general principals to come to a specific conclusion.

Answer 15

true

Question 16

(T/F) Experimental variables are a standard of comparison for what you are testing.

Answer 16

fasle

Question 17

(T/F) Bacteria are eukaryotes.

Answer 17

false

Question 18

A group of organs working together for a common purpose form a/an ___.

Answer 18

organ system

Question 19

A group of tissues working together to perform a specific function form a/an ___.

Answer 19

organ

Question 20

A plane along the length of the body that divides it into right and left halves is ___.

Answer 20

sagittal

Question 21

Place the following in correct sequence from simplest to most complex.
(molecules, atoms, tissues, cells, organs)

Answer 21

1. Atoms
2. Molecules
3. Cells
4. Tissues
5. Organs

Question 22

The ability of the body to maintain a relatively stable internal environment is referred to as ___.

Answer 22

homeostasis

Question 23

The dorsal body cavity contains the ___.

Answer 23

brain and spinal column

Question 24

With respect to a reference point, distal refers to ___.

Answer 24

away from the trunk of the body

Question 25

Which term refers to “arm”?

Answer 25

brachial

Question 26

If the plane divides the body into equal right and left halves, the plane is ___.

Answer 26

midsagittal

Question 27

The cervical region pertains to the ___.

Answer 27

neck

Question 28

In complete sentences, please describe a person standing in proper anatomical position.

Answer 28

A person standing in proper anatomical position will be standing tall, face forward, with their arms at their sides. Their toes and palms will be forward.

?

Question 29

Describe 5 features (structures) on or around your face and the placement of those structures using appropriate anatomical directional terminology.

Answer 29

1. My nose is medial to my eyes.
2. My ears are lateral to my nose.
3. My forehead is superior to my chin.
4. My chin is inferior to my lips.
5. My skin is superficial to my skull.

?

Question 30

Choose 2 organ systems. For each organ system, please define, explain, and describe the main purpose(s) of that system. In addition to its main purpose/explanation, please include the main organs found in that organ system.

Answer 30

1. The integumentary system is a body covering that protects deep tissues. It consists of the hair, skin, and nails.
2. The skeletal system supports and protects organs and is a framework for muscles. It consists of bones and joints.

?

Question 31

(homeostatic control mechanisms)

produces the change in a variable

Answer 31

stimulus

Question 32

(homeostatic control mechanisms)

detects change

Answer 32

receptor

Question 33

(homeostatic control mechanisms)

information sent along afferent pathway to control center

Answer 33

input

Question 34

(homeostatic control mechanisms)

information sent along efferent pathway to effector

Answer 34

output

Question 35

(homeostatic control mechanisms)

feeds back to reduce the effect of the stimulus and returns variable to homeostatic level

Answer 35

response

Question 36

Define/explain negative feedback mechanisms and positive feedback mechanisms. Provide examples of each. Share their similarities and/or differences as well.

Answer 36

1. Negative feedback mechanisms reverse an action in order to return the body to a normal state. An example of this is using antacids, a basic substance, to reduce acidity in the stomach, returning it to a normal pH.
2. Positive feedback mechanisms enhance an action, creating an even bigger effect. An example of this is when oxytocin increases during labor, enhancing the effects of labor as contractions increase and the body prepares to give birth.

?

Question 37

Now, here’s a chance for you to show me what you know in a different way. Please share with me something you found interesting to learn or had hoped to be asked about/seen on this first exam. Provide several sentences explaining and providing detail for that topic.

Answer 37

I enjoyed learning about the survival needs of the body. In order to maintain life we need nutrients, oxygen, water, a normal body temperature, and appropriate atmospheric pressure. Humans are extremely complex, and we definitely have a lot of wants. However, we only truly need those five things to survive.

?