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3/4 textbook > Scientific Investigation > Flashcards

Scientific Investigation Flashcards

1
Q

Aim

A

purpose of an experiment

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2
Q

Controlled variable(s)

A

variable(s) held constant throughout the experiment

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3
Q

Dependent variable

A

variable that is measured by the experimenter

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4
Q

Hypothesis

A

testable statement which predicts the outcome of an experiment

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5
Q

Independent variable

A

variable that is deliberately manipulated by the experimenter

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6
Q

Non-scientific ideas

A

ideas that are not developed by following a scientific method

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7
Q

Primary source

A

source providing original data, written by the experimenter

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8
Q

Scientific ideas

A

ideas that are developed by following a scientific method

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9
Q

Scientific method

A

procedure used to investigate scientific ideas

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10
Q

Secondary source

A

source that has interpreted primary sources

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11
Q

Variable

A

any factor (e.g., substance, condition, property) that is capable of changing throughout an experiment

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12
Q

Economic considerations

A

taking into account the associated costs of time and money

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13
Q

Ethical considerations

A

taking into account the effect on other living organisms (e.g. humans and animals)

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14
Q

Legal considerations

A

taking into account the legality of research, as well as how the research may influence the law

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15
Q

Political considerations

A

taking into account current governmental policies, and the political environment of society more broadly

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16
Q

Primary data

A

original data collected firsthand by researchers

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17
Q

Qualitative analysis

A

technique that determines a non-numerical result

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18
Q

Qualitative data

A

non-numerical (descriptive) data collected based on observations taken during an experiment

19
Q

Quantitative analysis

A

technique that identifies the amount of substance present

20
Q

Quantitative data

A

numerical data collected during experiments

21
Q

Safety Data Sheet (SDS)

A

document that outlines the health and safety information associated with different materials and chemicals

22
Q

Secondary data

A

data that has been previously collected that is now accessible to different researchers

23
Q

Social considerations

A

taking into account the effect on society

24
Q

Anecdote

A

the communication of an abstract idea about a person, place, or thing through the use of a story or narrative

25
Q

Control group (controlled variables)

A

sample that is subjected to the same conditions as all other samples without the independent variable

26
Q

Opinion

A

a view or judgement formed about something, not necessarily based on fact or knowledge

27
Q

Accuracy

A

how close measured values are to their true value

28
Q

Bias

A

difference between the average of a large set of measurements and the true value

29
Q

Error

A

difference between the measured value and the true value

30
Q

Method

A

specific steps and techniques required to collect, visualise, and analyse experimental data in a scientific investigation

31
Q

Methodology

A

different ways in which the planning and conducting of scientific investigations can be carried out

32
Q

Mistake

A

sometimes called personal errors, mistakes should not be included in reporting and analysis

33
Q

Outlier

A

data point or observation that differs significantly from other data points or observations

34
Q

Precision

A

how close measured values are to each other

35
Q

Random error

A

usually a ‘one-off’ error in measurement that differs in amount between trials

36
Q

Repeatability

A

closeness of the agreement between the results of successive measurements of the same quantity, carried out under the same conditions

37
Q

Reproducibility

A

closeness of the agreement between the results of measurements of the same quantity, carried out under changed conditions

38
Q

Resolution (measurement)

A

the smallest change in quantity that is measurable (by a particular instrument)

39
Q

Significant figures

A

number of digits required to express a number to a certain level of accuracy

40
Q

Systematic error

A

error in measurement by the same amount in the same direction every time, which also includes errors that are inherent in the experiment

41
Q

Uncertainty

A

level of doubt regarding the data obtained (for VCE purposes, we are only looking at this from a qualitative perspective)

42
Q

Validity

A

whether the experiment and its components including the results address the aim and hypothesis of the research

43
Q

Limitations (models)

A

often oversimplified, use approximations, and missing key details

3/4 textbook (12 decks)

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