Laboratory analysis of organic compounds Flashcards
Carboxyl group
a combination of to function groups (-COOH) attached to a single carbon atom, namely, hydroxyl (-OH) and carbonyl (C=O) groups
Hydroxyl group
a functional group (−OH) with one hydrogen and one oxygen atom
Boiling point
the temperature at which the vapour pressure of a liquid equals the atmospheric pressure
Distillate
a liquid product condensed from gas during distillation
Fractional distillation
technique used to separate liquids (fractions) with a narrow range of boiling points
Melting point
the temperature at which the two states, liquid and solid, coexist in equilibrium
Mixture
a substance that can be separated into two or more substances by physical means and displays the properties of the substances that it is composed of
Pure substance
a substance composed of one type of element or one type of compound that cannot be separated into two or more substances by physical means
Simple distillation
technique used to separate liquids with significantly different boiling points
Vapour pressure
the pressure exerted by the vapour in equilibrium with the liquid phase at a given temperature
Volatile
readily converted into a gas
Aliquot
portion of a sample solution used for analysis during titration
Concentration
amount of chemical substance per unit of volume
Concordant titres
three or more titres that fall within 0.1 mL of each other
End point
point at which a colour change occurs during titration
Equivalence point
point at which the reaction has occurred as per the stoichiometric ratio of the balanced equation
Indicator
substance that changes colour to indicate the end point
Iodine value (IV)
mass of iodine in grams that is consumed by 100 g of a fat or oil
Meniscus
curved upper surface of liquid
Standardised solution
solution of known concentration
Titration
quantitative technique used to find the concentration and/or amount of substance in a solution
Titre
volume of the solution delivered from the burette to reach the end point of a titration
Volumetric analysis
quantitative analytical technique used to determine unknown concentrations of solutions
