Measuring changes in chemical reactions Flashcards
Greenhouse gases
gases that contribute to the enhanced greenhouse effect by absorbing and emitting infrared radiation from the sun
Molar heat of combustion
amount of heat, in kJ mol−1, released when 1 mole of substance completely combusts in excess oxygen gas
Molar volume of gases (Vm)
volume occupied by one mole of an ideal gas at a given temperature and pressure
Standard laboratory conditions (SLC)
set of conditions used as a standard, involving a temperature of 25 °C (298 K) and a pressure of 100 kPa
Stoichiometry
the relationship between relative quantities of reactants and products in a chemical reaction
Calibrate
adjust an instrument to ensure it produces accurate results
Calibration factor
amount of energy (in J or kJ) required to be released/absorbed in a given calorimeter to increase/decrease water temperature by 1 °C
Calorimeter
insulated vessel designed to minimise and account for heat loss
Extrapolate
extend a graph to infer new values outside the range of data
Solution calorimetry
use of a calorimeter to estimate the enthalpy change of a reaction that occurs in solution
Specific heat capacity
energy (J) required to raise the temperature of 1 gram of a given substance by 1 °C
Temperature-time graph
graph that plots change in temperature over time (particularly for a calorimetry experiment)
Energy transformation
conversion of energy from one form (such as chemical, electrical, kinetic, thermal, light, or sound) to another
Percentage efficiency
percentage of energy transformed to a ‘useful’ form or transferred to a substance
Useful energy
proportion of total energy that can be used for the desired purpose
