Reactions of organic compounds

Question 1

2-Amino acid (α-amino acid)

Answer 1

amino acid in which a carboxyl (−COOH) and an amino group (– NH2) are both bonded to the second carbon atom

Question 2

Addition reaction

Answer 2

reaction where one molecule combines with another to form a larger molecule with no other products

Question 3

Carbohydrate

Answer 3

any polymer made up of sugar monomers like glucose

Question 4

Condensation reaction

Answer 4

chemical reaction in which two or more molecules combine and release a water molecule

Question 5

Enzymes

Answer 5

proteins which catalyse chemical reactions in living systems

Question 6

Esterification reaction

Answer 6

chemical reaction between organic compounds that forms at least one ester and water as products

Question 7

Fats

Answer 7

lipid molecules that are solid at room temperature

Question 8

Fatty acid

Answer 8

carboxylic with a long aliphatic hydrocarbon chain

Question 9

Glycogen

Answer 9

polymer made of α–glucose used by animals to store energy

Question 10

Glycosidic linkage

Answer 10

ether (-COC-) linkage that joins two sugar molecules

Question 11

Hydrolysis

Answer 11

chemical reaction in which water reacts with a larger molecule to break it into two or more smaller molecules

Question 12

Lipid

Answer 12

broad category of biomolecule commonly found in food which has two main types: fats and oils

Question 13

Metabolism

Answer 13

chemical reactions in the body’s cells that change food into energy

Question 14

Monosaccharide

Answer 14

smallest building block of carbohydrates consisting of only one sugar molecule, e.g. glucose, fructose, or galactose

Question 15

Oils

Answer 15

lipid molecules that are liquid at room temperature

Question 16

Polysaccharide

Answer 16

complex carbohydrate formed from the condensation of multiple monosaccharides that are joined together by glycosidic linkages

Question 17

Protein

Answer 17

a type of biopolymer which is essential for cell and whole organism function

Question 18

Reaction pathway

Answer 18

one or more chemical reactions designed to convert reactants into a desired product

Question 19

Starch

Answer 19

polymer made of α-glucose used as an energy source by animals

Question 20

Substitution reaction

Answer 20

chemical reaction where an atom, or group of atoms in a compound, is replaced by another atom, or group of atoms

Question 21

Transesterification reaction

Answer 21

a type of chemical reaction used to produce biodiesel and glycerol

Question 22

Acid rain

Answer 22

low pH rainfall, caused by waste gases from combustion containing sulfur and nitrogen oxides, which combine with atmospheric water to form acids

Question 23

Actual yield

Answer 23

measurement of the amount of product that is actually produced as a result of a chemical reaction

Question 24

Algae

Answer 24

diverse group of aquatic organisms that have the ability to conduct photosynthesis

Question 25

Atom economy

Answer 25

mass of desired products divided by mass of all reactants given as a percentage conversion

Question 26

Biomass

Answer 26

any organic material made of plant or animal matter

Question 27

Bioplastic

Answer 27

plastic produced from biomass

Question 28

Circular economy

Answer 28

continuous cycle that focuses on the optimal use and re-use of resources from the extraction of raw materials through to production of new materials, followed by the consumption and re-purposing of unused and waste materials

Question 29

Feedstock

Answer 29

raw material used for producing another product

Question 30

Percentage yield

Answer 30

efficiency of a chemical reaction that has taken place in terms of the amount of product actually produced compared to the predicted (theoretical) yield,
which is given by (actual / theoretical) × 100%

Question 31

Seaweed

Answer 31

a type of macroscopic algae

Question 32

Theoretical yield

Answer 32

expected amount of a product produced in a chemical reaction given the quantities and stoichiometric ratios of the reactants

Question 33

Renewable resource

Answer 33

resource capable of being replaced by natural processes within a relatively short period of time