Reactions of organic compounds Flashcards
2-Amino acid (α-amino acid)
amino acid in which a carboxyl (−COOH) and an amino group (– NH2) are both bonded to the second carbon atom
Addition reaction
reaction where one molecule combines with another to form a larger molecule with no other products
Carbohydrate
any polymer made up of sugar monomers like glucose
Condensation reaction
chemical reaction in which two or more molecules combine and release a water molecule
Enzymes
proteins which catalyse chemical reactions in living systems
Esterification reaction
chemical reaction between organic compounds that forms at least one ester and water as products
Fats
lipid molecules that are solid at room temperature
Fatty acid
carboxylic with a long aliphatic hydrocarbon chain
Glycogen
polymer made of α–glucose used by animals to store energy
Glycosidic linkage
ether (-COC-) linkage that joins two sugar molecules
Hydrolysis
chemical reaction in which water reacts with a larger molecule to break it into two or more smaller molecules
Lipid
broad category of biomolecule commonly found in food which has two main types: fats and oils
Metabolism
chemical reactions in the body’s cells that change food into energy
Monosaccharide
smallest building block of carbohydrates consisting of only one sugar molecule, e.g. glucose, fructose, or galactose
Oils
lipid molecules that are liquid at room temperature
Polysaccharide
complex carbohydrate formed from the condensation of multiple monosaccharides that are joined together by glycosidic linkages
Protein
a type of biopolymer which is essential for cell and whole organism function
Reaction pathway
one or more chemical reactions designed to convert reactants into a desired product
Starch
polymer made of α-glucose used as an energy source by animals
Substitution reaction
chemical reaction where an atom, or group of atoms in a compound, is replaced by another atom, or group of atoms
Transesterification reaction
a type of chemical reaction used to produce biodiesel and glycerol
Acid rain
low pH rainfall, caused by waste gases from combustion containing sulfur and nitrogen oxides, which combine with atmospheric water to form acids
Actual yield
measurement of the amount of product that is actually produced as a result of a chemical reaction
Algae
diverse group of aquatic organisms that have the ability to conduct photosynthesis
Atom economy
mass of desired products divided by mass of all reactants given as a percentage conversion
Biomass
any organic material made of plant or animal matter
Bioplastic
plastic produced from biomass
Circular economy
continuous cycle that focuses on the optimal use and re-use of resources from the extraction of raw materials through to production of new materials, followed by the consumption and re-purposing of unused and waste materials
Feedstock
raw material used for producing another product
Percentage yield
efficiency of a chemical reaction that has taken place in terms of the amount of product actually produced compared to the predicted (theoretical) yield,
which is given by (actual / theoretical) × 100%
Seaweed
a type of macroscopic algae
Theoretical yield
expected amount of a product produced in a chemical reaction given the quantities and stoichiometric ratios of the reactants
Renewable resource
resource capable of being replaced by natural processes within a relatively short period of time
