scientific basis for psychology

Question 1

behaviorism

Answer 1

we should only study a person’s behavior
Conditional/Operational conditioning
John B. Watson
B.F. Skinner

Question 2

psychoanalytic

Answer 2

everything si rooted in unconsciousness
dream analysis
Sigmund Freud

Question 3

Humanistic

Answer 3

More individualistic, tried to focus on the person as an individual, doesn’t analyze anything
unconditional positive regard
Maslow
Carl rogers

Question 4

Cognitive

Answer 4

Focuses on problem-solving and logical thinking, communication, memory and forming judgments

Question 5

Nature vs Nurture

Answer 5

Whether are thoughts, intelligence and character are inborn or are a result of our experiences

Question 6

biological psychology

Answer 6

physiology of our brain and its effects on mental processes

Question 7

Evolutionary

Answer 7

Darwin’s theory of natural selection, the habits we have today are those that helped our ancestros to survive

Question 8

Social-Cultural

Answer 8

How we are affected by the world around us

Question 9

Counselling psychologist

Answer 9

keeping in direct contact with the patient, 2-3 yeaar Master’s degree

Question 10

Clinical psychologist

Answer 10

trained doctors, can perscirbe medicine to help with mental disorders (most are also scientists)

Question 11

psychiatrist

Answer 11

trained doctors, perscribe medications for mental disorders

Question 12

community psychologist

Answer 12

works with groups not individuals

Question 13

hindsight bias

Answer 13

everything seems easy after it happens, blaming people for not making the right decisions

Question 14

overconfidence

Answer 14

when people overestimate themselves

Question 15

operational definition

Answer 15

clearly defines research variables

Question 16

case study

Answer 16

studying specific people and jsut them, usually very few cases, can be slightly misleading

Question 17

naturalistic observation

Answer 17

observing the subject an a natural environment, simply describes the behavior

Question 18

surveys

Answer 18

list of questions that are given to. large group of people

Question 19

leading question

Answer 19

a question that evokes na answer or promts to answer a certain way

Question 20

population of a study

Answer 20

the whole group that the study is meant to focus on

Question 21

random sample

Answer 21

chposing out of the population randomly, tends to be more representative

Question 22

correlation

Answer 22

how things depend on and can predict each other

Question 23

negative correlation

Answer 23

(for example -1.00) the more there is of one thing, the less there is of the other

Question 24

positive correlation

Answer 24

(for example 1.00) the more there is of on theing the more there is of the other

Question 25

illusory correlation

Answer 25

a correaltion we make up, becasue we are more likely to remeber dramatic events

Question 26

random assignment

Answer 26

randomly assigning groups to already picked participants

Question 27

placebo effect

Answer 27

getting results from a patient that did not recieve a drig by simply believing that he did

Question 28

independent variable

Answer 28

the variable we manipulate

Question 29

dependent variable

Answer 29

the variable we are measuring/investigating

Question 30

confounding variable

Answer 30

isn't part of the hypothesis, however effects both independent and dependent variable

Question 31

single-blind study

Answer 31

the patient doesn't knwo, the giver does know

Question 32

double-blind study

Answer 32

neither knows

Question 33

descriptive research

Answer 33

observe and report behavior, the researcher doesn't manipulate anything

Question 34

correlational research

Answer 34

studying the relationship between variables

Question 35

experimental

Answer 35

exploring cause and effect

Question 36

Mode

Answer 36

most frequently accuring score

Question 37

mean

Answer 37

arithmetic average

Question 38

median

Answer 38

the middle score of all the scores

Question 39

range

Answer 39

t'differnce between the highest and the lowest score

Question 40

standard deviation

Answer 40

how much scores vary around the mean

Question 41

normal curve

Answer 41

symmetrical bell-shaped curve

Question 42

statuístical significance

Answer 42

the data is reliable

Question 43

histogram

Answer 43

bar graph with column on the x-axis

Question 44

bimodal distribution

Answer 44

it has two peoaks, two groups

Question 45

positively skewed

Answer 45

most scores are at the lower end

Question 46

negatively skewed

Answer 46

most scores are going to be at the higher end