cognitive psychology Flashcards
memory
learning that persists over time through the encoding, storage and retrieval of information
recall
recalling information that you have learned before but may not consciously remember
recognition
identifying things we have already learned
relearning
learning something again becasue we forgot it
information processing
sensory memory - shortterm memory - longterm memory
parallel processing
brain uses connectionism memories are an interconnected neural network and we activate sepcific emmeories when we need them
memory stages by Atkinson and Shiffrin
sensory information - decide wha is importantn and what is not important - shorterm memory - longterm memory - retrieve if necessary
working memory
memory being actively used to assess a situation
explicit memory
what we consciously remember and consciously try to remember
implicit memory
things we unconsciously remeber and put not effort in remembering
procedural memory
memory for our basic skills
iconic memory
short-term, maintaining a memroy of an obejct/scene even after it ceased
echoic memory
remembering what we have learned, short-term
information about short-term memory
7 pieces of information, 12 seconds, Miller, Petersons
chunking
organizing items into groups that we are capabel of comprehending
mnemonics
uses strong imagery to remeber things. we are more likely to remember strong mental images
hierarchies
organizing topics into hierarchical groups
spacing effect
distributing the process of emmoerizing, don’t memorize it all at once
testing effect
repeated self-testing can increare our memory
shallow processing
focuses on the simple and elementary level of things, such as letters or the word’s sound
deep processing
focuses more on the meaning of the words etc. questions targetting this processing are more likely to lead to remembering
self-reference effect
we are more likely to rmemebr things that interest us
maintenance rehearsal
repeatedly moving information from long-term memory to short-term memory to remember better
elaboration
attaching importance to an information
semantic memory
memory of facts and general knowledge
episodic memory
memory of experiences and events
hippocampus and memory
it is like a safe button, it processes explicit memories and later sends it other brain regions (aka memory consolidation)
cerebellum and memories
creating and storin ģ memories that happened because of classsicak conditioning
basal ganglia and memory
easing the creation of procedural memories
flashbulub memories
strong emotinal experiences create strong memories
retrieval cues
minor associations to main memory
retrieval cues
minor associations to main memory
priming
The unconscious activations of associations which can affect what we hear or see.
context-dependent memory
if we go back to a place we experienced a memory in, upon vivisitng it we are likely to remember that memory
state-depndant memory
when we get in the same state of mind that we were in when we experienced a memory we are more likely to remember it
serial position effect
we remember the last and first thing the best out of a series of things
mood-congruent memory
when we are in the same mood as we were when experiencing the memory, we are more likely to remember it
anterograde amnesia
inability to form new explixit memory
