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biological basis for psychology Flashcards

1
Q

sensory neurons

A

transport information from the body’s tissues and sensory organs to the brain

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2
Q

motor neurons

A

transport information from the brain to the body’s tissues

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3
Q

interneurons

A

connects motor and snesory neurons (basically the brain)

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4
Q

cell body

A

operational center of the cell, nucleus is here

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5
Q

dendrite

A

recieves the infromation and sends it to the cell body

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6
Q

axon

A

passes the onfromation from the cell body to other neurons, muscles or glands

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7
Q

myslin sheet

A

insulates the neuron and speeds up the impulses

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8
Q

terminal buttons

A

at the end of the terminal branches of the axon, releases neurotransmitters

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9
Q

vesicles

A

contains neurotransmitter

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10
Q

synapse

A

the space between two neurons

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11
Q

nodes of Ranvier

A

gaps between the myelin sheet, where sodium and patassium ions go through during an action potential

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12
Q

action potential

A

neural impulse that travels down the axel

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13
Q

excitory impulse

A

tells the neuron to keep going

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14
Q

refractory impulse

A

treis to stop the neuron from doing anything

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15
Q

all-or-none response

A

all action potentials are the smae strength, it etiher happens completely or it doens’t happen at all.

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16
Q

agonist

A

like like a neurotransmitter (opium, heroin)

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17
Q

antagonist

A

blocks a neurotransmitter (botulin, curare)

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18
Q

central nervous system (CNS)

A

brain and spinal cord, recieves information from the PNS and processess it

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19
Q

Peripheral nervous system (PNS)

A

Connects CNS ti the rest of the body, somatic and automatic

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20
Q

Automatic Nervous system (ANS)

A

actionas that we ahv eno control over (heartbeat, breathing etc.)

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21
Q

Somatic Nervous system (SNS)

A

actions we have control over (movements, some reactions etc.)

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22
Q

sympathetic nervous system

A

trigger the body’s fight-or-flight response, it arouses the body with hromones etc.

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23
Q

parasympathetic nerovus system

A

calms the body down after a fightor-flight response

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24
Q

information pathway

A

sensory neurons - interneurons - motor neurons

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25
endocrine system
uses hormones, slower than NS
26
adrenal gland
prepares the body for flight-or fight, adrenaline, noradrenaline
27
pituitary gland
in charge of all other glands, orgasm, breastfeeding, labor contractions growth hormones, oxytocin
28
pineal gland
when we go to sleep and when we wake up, melatonin
29
pancreas
regualtes blood sugar, insulin
30
thyroid gland
regulating metabolism, affects weight, thyroxin
31
gonads gland
regualtes reproduction and sexual behavior, estrogen, androgen
32
EEG
records brain waves that are created by the electrical activity
33
MEG
studies magnetic field of our brains
34
CT
X-ray picture of the brain
35
PET
show's the glucose consumption of certain brain regions
36
MRI
detailed image of the soft tissue in the brain
37
fMRI
measure the blood flow to certain brian regions
38
brainstem (Medulla)
controls hearbeat and breathing (extension of the spinal cord), a cross point for the onformation between the left and right hemisphere
39
thalamus
sensory center, recieves from all sense except smell, doens't process the infromaation, link between medulla and higher brain regions
40
reticulatr formation
between thamalus and spinal cord, responsible for arousal
41
cerebellum (little brain)
nonverbal learning, skill memory, modulating emotions, differentiating textures and sounds, helps with coluntary movement
42
amygdala
triggers fear and agression
43
hypothalamus
controls, hunger, thirst, body temeprature and sexual behavior (part of the ES)
44
hippocampus
processes conscious and explicit memories
45
basal ganglia
planning and initiating movement
46
cerebrum
majority of the brain, enables percieving, thinking and speaking
47
frotnal lobe
rational thoughts, some speech, developing an dacting on pkans, problem solving, working memory, decision-making
48
parietal lobe
where things are lcated around us, partially for sense of touch
49
occipital lobe
sense of vision and visula processing
50
temporal lobe
memory, recognizing detailed pbejcts (faces), auditory infromation (only in the left lobe)
51
motor cortex
takes care of movement, movements of the right side of the body get processed in the left lobe
52
somatosensory cortex
in the parietal lobe, skins senses and the information about the mvoemenet of body parts
53
visual cortex
occipiital lobe, recieves eformation straight from the eye
54
auditory cortex
temporal lobe, takes care of hearing
55
prefrontal cortex
plannign, judgment, processing new memories
56
Broca's area
controls mouth mouscels that help us speak
57
Wernicke's area
decodes words and sentences, interprets spoken and written language
58
corpus callosum
transports messages between the two hemispheres
59
left hemisphere
right side body movements, analyzing details, math spoken language, logic, reading, written language
60
right hemisphere
left side movments, processing the whole music and art, noneverbal language, emotions, visualspacial perception), pattern and facial recognition
61
cicardian rythm
body temperature's rhythm, effects ouzr sleeping cycle and best performance time
62
NREM-1
unaware that we are asleep, disconnected from the outside world, halluciantions, hynagogic snesntation (falling, floating etc.)
63
NREM-2
bursts of brain activity, easily woken up, 20min
64
NREM-3
deep sleep, slow delta waves, hard to wake up, 30min
65
REM
return from NREM-3 through NREM-2, very active brain, fast hear beat, periodical eye movement
66
Insomina
problems with falling and staying asleep, older adults
67
Narcolepsy
attack of overwhelming sleepiness, sometimes passsing out, 1/2000 adults
68
Sleep apnea
people stop breathing whe asleep, snoring, 1/20 people that nore and/or are obese
69
Night terrors
sleep walking/talking, doubled heart and breathing rates, children
70
sleep walking/talking
sleeping or walking during sleep, has no recolection, children
71
freud's wish-fulfillment
dreams are a way to safelydischarge our deepest wishes and desires
72
information processing purpose of dreams
dreams help sort out and make sense of the day
73
physiological purpose of dreams
provides brain with periodical stimulation, expands and perserves neural pathways
74
activation-synthesis
the brain attempts to synthesize random neural activites (during dreaming)
75
congitive development (dreams)
dreams simulate reality by using the knowledge of the world around us
76
tolerance
needing to use more and more to fullfill needs
77
addiction
uncontrolable urge to use a drug, craving
78
behavior addictions
addiction to not drugs but behaviors like sex, gambling etc.
79
manifest content of dreams
the content we remember
80
latent content of dreams
the content of the dremas we do not remebr, is symbolized in the manifest content
81
activation-synthesis theory
dreams are just another way of thinking
82
AIM theory
dreams are a way of making up stories about the events of the day
83
Reuptake inhibitor
drugs that block the reuptake of excess neurotransmitters in synapses

AP psychology (8 decks)

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