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Molecular Basis Of Disease/ Microbiology And Immunology > Scientic Basis Of Vaccines > Flashcards

Scientic Basis Of Vaccines Flashcards

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1
Q

What is herd immunity memory boosted by?

A

Periodic outbreaks of disease in community and vaccines

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2
Q

What do parenteral vaccines lead to?

A

Poor mucosal immunity

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3
Q

When are antibodies sufficient?

A

Short term protection

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4
Q

When is memory essential?

A

Long term protection

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5
Q

What does monotypic mean?

A

Surface antigens remaining the same generally so vaccination (or infection) gives lifelong immunity

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6
Q

What does polytypic mean?

A

Surface antigens change and immunity is readily overcome

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7
Q

What are the types of vaccine?

A

Live,attenuated
Killed whole organism
Subunit

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8
Q

What are examples of live, attenuated vaccines?

A

BCG
MMR
yellow fever

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9
Q

How can you attenuate the live vaccines?

A

Culture it in a foreign host many times (add mutations)
Chemically cause mutations to attenuate it
Genetically engineer to create knockouts lacking genes for virulence

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10
Q

What are the issues with live attenuated vaccines?

A

Vaccine may mutate back to original form

Generally needs to be kept cold

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11
Q

Why are live attenuated vaccines good?

A

Useful for producing CTL memory cells because they can infect APCs

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12
Q

How are killed whole organism vaccines killed?

A

Heat or chemicals

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13
Q

What are examples of killed whole organism vaccines?

A 
Pertussis
Influenza
Polio
Cholera
HepA
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14
Q

What are the issues with killed whole organism vaccines?

A

Need boosting to get good protection

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15
Q

What are the individual components of bacteria that are used in subunit vaccines?

A

Proteins
Toxoids
Peptides
Polysaccharide

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16
Q

What are bacterial toxins inactivated with for use in vaccines?

A

Formaldehyde

17
Q

What are the features of bacterial capsular polysaccharides as vaccines?

A

Poor antigens
Short term memory
No T cell immunity

18
Q

How can you enhance immunogenicity?

A

Protein conjugation

19
Q

How does enhancing immunogenicity work?

A

If you just use the polysaccharide theres only an antibody response
If you conjugate it to another cell then T cell binding occurs

20
Q

What are vaccine adjuvants?

A

Things you add to vaccines to make them more immunogenic

21
Q

What do vaccine adjuvants do?

A

Enhance immune response to antigen
Promote uptake and antigen presentation
Stimulate correct cytokine profiles

22
Q

Where do you get passive immunity from?

A

Maternal transfer or serum from another source

Molecular Basis Of Disease/ Microbiology And Immunology (57 decks)

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