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Molecular Basis Of Disease/ Microbiology And Immunology > Mechanism Of Action Of Antivirals > Flashcards

Mechanism Of Action Of Antivirals Flashcards

1
Q

What are the current uses of antiviral drugs?

A

Treatment of acute infection
Treatment of chronic infection
Post-exposure prophylaxis and preventing infection
Prophylaxis for reactivated infection

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2
Q

How does selective toxicity work?

A

Target protein in virus, not the infected cell

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3
Q

What are the modes of action of amantadine?

A

Blocks low pH endosome dependant on coating M2 protein

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4
Q

What are the modes of action of acyclovir, ganciclovir and ribavarin?

A

Inhibit nucleic acid polymerisation

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5
Q

What are the modes of action of ribavarin?

A

Guanine analogue RSV

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6
Q

What are the modes of action of AZT?

A

Blocks HIV reverse transcriptase to prevent formation of dsDNA proteins from the HIV RNA genome

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7
Q

What are the types of herpesvirus?

A

Herpes simplex
Varicella zoster virus
Cytomegalovirus
Epstein-Barr virus

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8
Q

What does acyclovir treat?

A

HSV, VZV treatment and prophylaxis

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9
Q

How does acyclovir work?

A

Activated by the viral enzyme thymidine kinase

  • > adds phosphates which makes it look like a base so it is incorporated into the viral DNA
  • > very selective
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10
Q

What does ganciclovir treat?

A

CMV

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11
Q

How does ganciclovir work?

A

Inhibits CMV DNA polymerase by inhibiting V19 kinase

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12
Q

What are the main mechanisms of antiviral resistance in herpes?

A

Thymidine kinase mutants

DNA polymerase mutants

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13
Q

What is the HIV membrane associated matrix protein?

A

Gag 17

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14
Q

What is the HIV Nucleocapsid protein?

A

Gag p24

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15
Q

What is the HIV envelope protein?

A

Gp120 with transmembrane gp41

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16
Q

What are the types of anti-HIV drugs?

A

Anti-reverse transcriptase inhibitors
Protease inhibitors
Integrase inhibitors
Fusion inhibitors

17
Q

What are nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors?

A

Synthetic analogue of nucleoside thymine

18
Q

What are non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors?

A

Non-competitive inhibitor for HIV-1 reverse transcriptase

19
Q

What is a viral swarm?

A

When all possible viral variants are produced within one patient

20
Q

How do zanamivir and osetamivir work?

A

Inhibits virus release from infected cells via inhibition of neuraminidase

21
Q

How does ribavarin work?

A

Blocks RNA synthesis by inhibiting inosine 5’ monophosphate dehydrogenase

Stops GTP synthesis and therefore RNA synthesis

22
Q

How do direct-acting antivirals work?

A

Target specific steps in the HCV viral life cycle

23
Q

What are the incurable viruses?

A 
Rabies
Dengue
Common cold
Ebola
HPV
Arboviruses
Pathogen X
24
Q

What is pathogen X?

A

Stuff we don’t know about yet

Molecular Basis Of Disease/ Microbiology And Immunology (57 decks)

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