Pathogenesis Of Parasitic Infections Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the three main species of schistosomiasis?

A

S. Mansoni
S. Haematobium
S. Japonium

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2
Q

What can schistosomiasis result in?

A

Cercarial dermatitis

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3
Q

What is a key feature of immune response to schistosomiasis?

A

Granuloma formation

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4
Q

What is hepatointestinal schistomiasis caused by?

A

Immune response to eggs

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5
Q

What causes cercarial dermatitis?

A

Allergic-type reaction to cercariae from animal or bird schistomes

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6
Q

What causes urinary schistosomiasis?

A

Repeated inflammatory episodes resulting in neoplastic changes

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7
Q

What is onchocerciasis?

A

Major blinding disease

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8
Q

What is onchocerciasis caused by?

A

Filarial parasite

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9
Q

What is onchocerciasis transmitted by?

A

Black flies

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10
Q

What is the vector of onchocerciasis?

A

Simulium

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11
Q

How do black flies transmit onchocerciasis?

A

Takes a blood meal and transmits larvae to the skin

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12
Q

How does simulium act as a vector for onchocerciasis?

A

Digs a hole in the skin and creates a pool of blood which it then feeds from

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13
Q

What is the pathology of onchocerciasis?

A

Repeated inflammatory episodes caused by microfilariae -> permanent damage and scarring of skin and eyes

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14
Q

What are the skin disease types of onchocerciasis?

A

Acute papular onchodermatitis
Chronic onchodermatitis
Sowda

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15
Q

What are the anterior segment eye diseases caused by onchocerciasis?

A

Punctuate keratitis
Acute iridocyclitis
Sclerosing keratitis

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16
Q

What are the posterior segment eye diseases caused by onchocerciasis?

A

Optic neuritis/atrophy

Chorioretinopathy

17
Q

What is the immune pathogenesis of onchocerciasis?

A

Acute infection -> stimulation of Th2 cells -> eosinophil and B cell activation-> inflammatory response

18
Q

What are some examples of hard tick bourne disease?

A
Tick typhus
Viral encephalitis
Viral fevers
Viral haemorrhagic fevers
Tularaemia
Tick paralysis
Human babesiosis
19
Q

What are some examples of soft tick bourne disease?

A

Q fever

Relapsing fever

20
Q

What happens in tick paralysis?

A

Progressive flaccidity due to a failure of acetylcholine liberation in the neuromuscular junction

21
Q

What do head lice do?

A

Suck blood from scalp and lay eggs on hair

22
Q

How are head lice spread?

A

Close contact

23
Q

What do body lice do?

A

Suck blood from body and lay eggs on clothing

24
Q

How are body lice spread?

A

Bodily contact, sharing of clothing or bedding

25
Q

How do botflies spread disease?

A

Catches mosquito mid flight and lays its eggs

When the mosquito lands on the animal it brushes its eggs

26
Q

How can you control parasitic infections?

A

Behaviours
Environmental interventions
Poverty reduction

27
Q

What types of behaviour control parasitic infections?

A

Education, hand washing and hygiene behaviours

28
Q

What types of environmental interventions control parasitic infections?

A
Spraying of residual insecticides for household vectors 
Mosquito nets
Improved housing
Sewage disposal
Potable water
Swamp drainage
29
Q

Why must parasitic treatment be given periodically over long periods of time?

A

Re infections are rapid or the treatment kills larval rather than adult stages