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G10 2Q > Science W2A - Practical Applications of Different Regions of EM Waves > Flashcards

Science W2A - Practical Applications of Different Regions of EM Waves Flashcards

1
Q

is a continuous range of electromagnetic waves arranged in order of frequency or wave length

A

electromagnetic spectrum

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2
Q

have the longest wavelengths (10⁴m–10^-1m) and shortest frequencies (3.0×10⁴–3.0×10¹² or from 30kHz to 3000 MHz)

A

radio waves

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3
Q

can be longer than a football field or as short as a football

A

radio waves

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4
Q

most suitably usable in communication devices across all platforms

A

radio waves

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5
Q

discovered radio waves in 1887

A

Heinrich Hertz

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6
Q

Type of frequency (radio): long distance communication and navigation

A

low frequency

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7
Q

Type of frequency (radio): amplitude modulation (AM) radio broadcasting

A

medium frequency

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8
Q

Type of frequency (radio): shortwave broadcasting, tags for use and building access, public transportation, and electronic payment systems

A

high frequency

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9
Q

Type of frequency (radio): frequency modulation (FM) radio broadcasting, ground-to-aircraft and aircraft-to-aircraft communication

A

very high frequency

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10
Q

Type of frequency (radio): police radio communication, military aircraft and television transmission, modern cell phones, and global positioning system

A

ultra high frequency

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11
Q

have longer wavelengths (180-550 meters), and radio stations change the amplitude of radio waves to transmit audio information

A

amplitude modulation (AM)

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12
Q

uses short radio waves (2.8-3.4 meters) and modulates the frequency of the carrier signal for broadcasting

A

frequency modulation (FM)

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13
Q

use radio waves for detection of objects, weather forecasting, military surveillance, air traffic control, monitoring speed in highway patrol and tracking satellites and debris

A

radar (radio detection and ranging)

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14
Q

locates positions within a 10- to 100-m accuracy

A

GPS (global positioning system)

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15
Q

can store and transmit data, similar to the universal product code (UPC) or bar code that is seen on grocery items

A

RFID (radio frequency identification)

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16
Q

is a rate of oscillation in the range of about 3kHz to 300Ghz

A

radio frequency (RF)

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17
Q

used for viewing internal parts of the human body without invasive exploratory surgery

A

MRI (magnetic resonance imaging)

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18
Q

This region lies somewhere between 3×10⁸ Hz and 3×10¹¹ Hz, which is from 300 MHz to 300 GHz, with a wavelengths of 10^-3–10^-1

A

microwave

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19
Q

are part of the electromagnetic spectrum lying between radio waves and infrared with short wavelengths (1mm-30cm) and high frequencies

A

microwaves

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20
Q

named as their waves are very short compared to radio waves

A

microwaves

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21
Q

discovered microwaves in 1864

A

James Clerk Maxwell

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22
Q

microwave radars used in weather forecasting

A

Microwave Doppler

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23
Q

kitchen appliance that uses 2.45 GHz microwaves to cook food

A

microwave oven

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24
Q

Microwave ________ uses the heat of microwaves to shrink or destroy tumors.

A

microwave ablation

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25
Q

Microwave _______ is used to assess and monitor progress of treatment of breast cancer via microwave tomography.

A

microwave imaging

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26
Q

literally means ‘below red’ and lies between microwaves and visible light with frequencies ranging from 3×10¹¹–4×10¹⁴ Hz and wavelengths of 7.5×10^ to 10^-3 m

A

infrared radiation

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27
Q

cannot be seen but felt as heat

A

infrared radiation

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28
Q

wavelength longer than visible light and includes most of the thermal radiation emitted by objects near room temperature

A

infrared radiation

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29
Q

used to remotely determine the temperature of an object (thermography or pyrometry)

A

infrared

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30
Q

two types of infrared radiation

A

near infrared and far infrared

31
Q

closest in wavelength to visible light; give an example

A

near infrared - remote control

32
Q

closest in wavelength to microwave; give three examples

A

far infrared - sunlight, fire, or radiator

33
Q

discovered infrared radiation in 1800

A

Sir William Hershel

34
Q

_______ infrared _______ is used for diagnosis and prognosis in oncology, rheumatology, sports medicine, and orthopedics.

A

Medical infrared imaging

35
Q

The portion of EM radiation that is visible to the human eye, occupying a small portion of the spectrum with frequency 4×10¹⁴–8×10¹⁴ Hz and wavelengths from 4×10^-7–8×10^-7 m

A

visible light

36
Q

sequence of colors of visible light

A

red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo, violet

37
Q

color separated in modern usage

A

indigo

38
Q

color with the longest wavelength and lowest frequency

A

red

39
Q

color with the shortest wavelength and highest frequency

A

violet

40
Q

most energetic color

A

red

41
Q

color with least amount of energy

A

violet

42
Q

emerging form of wireless communication technology using light-emitting diodes (LED)

A

visible light communication (VLC)

43
Q

one source of visible light that is used in many medical procedures like optical imaging, surgery, endoscopy, and treatment, as well as biomedical research and microscopy

A

laser (light amplification by the stimulated emission of radiation)

44
Q

discovered the range of wavelength in the visible light spectrum in 1666

A

Isaac Newton

45
Q

literally means ‘above violet,’ its wavelengths 6×10^-10–4×10^-7 are shorter than visible light but longer than x-rays; frequencies 8×10¹⁴–10¹⁷ Hz

A

ultraviolet radiation

46
Q

three kinds of ultraviolet rays

A

UVA, UVB, and UVC

47
Q

has wavelengths 315 nm to 400 nm; 95% of the solar UV reaching earth; less intense but penetrates the skin more deeply (reaching the dermis); reaches the lens and retina and causes cataract and retinal diseases

A

UVA

48
Q

has wavelengths 280 nm to 314; filtered by the ozone in the atmosphere; affects the topmost layer (epidermis) of the skin; causes skin to darken and skin cancer

A

UVB

49
Q

has wavelengths 60 nm to 279 nm; almost completely absorbed by the atmosphere and does not reach the earth’s surface; most damaging

A

UVC

50
Q

major source of UV rays

A

sun

51
Q

also known as black light

A

ultraviolet light

52
Q

used to treat skin conditions such as psoriasis and vitiligo that causes depigmentation of the skin

A

UVA

53
Q

overexposure may lead to skin cancer, melanoma, and eye problems (photo keratitis)

A

ultraviolet radiation

54
Q

discovered ultraviolet radiation in 1801

A

Johann Wilhelm Ritter

55
Q

high-energy waves that are used extensively in medical applications, lying beyond the UV region with wavelengths 10^-12–10^-8

A

x-rays

56
Q

X-ray is also called?

A

Roentgen ray

57
Q

How was x-ray named?

A

Roentgen couldn’t name them as he did not know their nature and origin, thus naming it the variable “x.”

58
Q

given off by radioactive elements such as cobalt-60 and cesium-137

A

gamma rays

59
Q

sources of gamma rays

A

sun, interstellar clouds, and remnants of supernova

60
Q

employed in the refining, mining, chemical, food, and soap and detergent industries, as well as pulp and paper industries to control volume level, density, and thickness

A

noncontact industrial sensors

61
Q

kills bacteria, insects, and parasites that can cause foodborne diseases

A

food irradiation

62
Q

may be internal or external

A

radiotherapy

63
Q

The patient is exposed to a beam of radiation.

A

external radiotherapy

64
Q

Sometimes called brachytherapy, radiation comes from implant or liquids placed inside the body.

A

internal radiotherapy

65
Q

discovered gamma rays in 1900

A

Paul Villard

66
Q

two classifications of x-ray

A

soft and hard

67
Q

x-rays with lower energy level and can penetrate flesh and bones

A

soft x-rays

68
Q

x-rays with higher energy level and more penetrating

A

hard x-rays

69
Q

produce x-rays

A

sun and other stars

70
Q

produced when accelerated atoms hit a metal and some medical equipment

A

x-rays

71
Q

takes photographs of internal body parts

A

CAT or CT scan

72
Q

X-rays used this to identify crystal structure of materials.

A

crystallography

73
Q

discovered x-rays in 1901

A

Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen

74
Q

highly penetrating because of their very short wavelengths 10^-14–10^-10 m, generated by radioactive atoms and in nuclear explosions, and are used in many medical applications

A

gamma rays

G10 2Q (22 decks)

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