Science Trimester 2 Flashcards
_____ are microscopic living cells
Bacteria
Where do bacteria live?
almost everywhere, even in conditions like underground, springs with hot temperature, and acidic water
Bacteria shapes:
cocci (sphere)
bacilli (rod)
spirilla (spiral)
Bacteria are ______ since they don’t have a nucleus or membrane-bound structures
prokaryotic
flagella:
whiplike tails to help bacteria move
bacteria are ___ than plant or animal cells
smaller
aerobes:
use oxygen during respiration
anaerobes:
do not need oxygen
Eubacteria:
a diverse group of bacteria which is larger group
Cyanobacteria:
produce their on food, commonly called blue-green; but some may be other colours
overabundance of cyanobacteria causes a _____ which can be harmful to aquatic life
bloom
Where do archaebacteria grow?
in extreme conditions and are divided into groups based on where they life; salty, hot, acidic environments
some anaerobic groups produce ______ gas
methane
Most bacteria are helpful or harmful?
helpful
What type of vitamins do bacteria produce?
vitamin K
saprophytes:
use dead organisms as food and energy sources; thus recycling nutrients
bacteria can be used to clean up environmental pollution via:
bioremediation
Bacteria are used in _____ products
dairy
sauerkraut and pickles are foods that need _____ help
bacterial
Bacteria grow in large containers called _______ that use products such as medicine
bioreactors
______ producing bacteria can digest wastes and provide a source of fuel
methane
pathogens:
bacteria that cause diseas
Toxins:
poisons that are made by pathogens
Some pathogens form thick walls called _________ when environmental conditions re unfavourable; so they can survive for long periods of time
endospores
Vaccines:
can PREVENT some bacterial infections
Vaccines are made from damaged or _____ bacterial cells
dead
Once vaccines are enabled, they enable ______ blood cells to recognize bacteria and attack it
white
The body of a fungi is usually a mass of threadlike tubes called _______
hyphae
Zygote fungi produce reproductive cells in cases called ________
sporangia
Athlete’s foot is caused by…
fungi
All protists are _____
eukaryotic
protist:
eukaryotic one or many celled organism which lives in a most and/or wet environent that contain chlorophyll or others animal-like
Cilia:
short, threadlike structures extending from the cell membrane
Diatom:
an alga with a gold-brown pigments that secrets a glass-box
Protists can be animal, fungus, and ______ like
fungus
Protozoans are divided by how they ________
move
What group of fungi has no sexual reproduction been observed?
imperfect fungi
lichens are not in a _____ _____
reproductive structure
_____ use a pseudopod to move through their environment to obtain food
Amoebas
Much of our oxygen is produced by…
algae
Amoebas move the same way do
slime molds
Algae:
plant-like protists
Protozoa do ___ contain chloroplasts
not
some lichens can be a ____ _____ for animals
food source
lichen:
2+ organisms living together appearing to be 1 organism
Euglena:
a protist, that is an algae, /w both animal and plant like qualities while moving with flagella
mushroom:
a club fungi consumed by many humans
spore:
reproductive cell of a fungi
eye spot:
detects light
mycorrhizae:
network of hyphae
protozoa:
animal like protists
what type of algae grows in the deepest water?
red
Penicilium:
imperfect fungi that is used as an antibiotic; similar to bacteria
slime mold grows on…
rotten vegetables
yeast:
a fungus that makes bread rise
bread mold:
zygote fungus found on bread
ascus:
sac like fungi
How can sponges reproduce?
sexually and asexually
roundworms are also known as ______
nematodes
pseudopod:
temporary cytoplasm extension
asymmetrical:
no definite body plan
scientists determine the likelihood of an animal being a carnivore by examining the _____
teeth
Water moves through a sponge in ____ and out of the top of ____
pores, tubes
all cnidarians have ______ symmetry
radial
what type of symmetry does a sponge have?
radial
animals with radial symmetry usually live…
in water
tentacles:
used to bring food to an organism’s mouth
carnivore:
only feeds on animal material
all worms are
invertebrates
tapeworms are parasites hat obtain energy from materials that they…
absorb through their skin
hunting at night is an example of _____ _______
behavioural adaptations
bilateral symmetry:
symmetry split in 2 exact parts
hermaphrodite:
produce egg and sperm in the same body
herbivore;
eats only plants
detrivore:
eats dead organisms
omnivore:
eats both plants and animals
basidium:
club shaped fungi
pores:
openings in the body of a sponge
stinging cells:
capsules with coiled trigger-like structures typically located at the end of a cnidarians’ tentacles
vertebrate:
with a backbone
pioneer species:
first to grow in newly or disturbed areas
collar cell:
cells with flagella that line sponges
spicules:
sharp pointed structures contained in spongin
______ can be woody or harbaceous
stems
Do seed plants have rhizoids?
no
fronds:
the leaves of a fern
free-living organism:
an organism that doesn’t rely on any other organisms
Moss plants are held in place by _______
rhizoids
the cells of a _____ ______ have the most chlorophyll in them
palisade layer
guard cells open and close the ___
stomata
things like paper can be made from ________
gymnosperms
Where do plants evolve from?
green algae
nonvascular plants reproduce using ______, not seeds
spores
Peat comes from decomposed ________ ______
plant material
Xylem:
tissue made of tubular vessels that transport water and minerals UP a plant
Roots (can/cannot/sometimes/NEVER EVER EVER) make food
NEVER EVER EVER (cannot)
ferns and horsetails are examples of…
seedless vascular plants
The major function of leaves is to…
make food
Nonvascular plants use ______ to anchor them
rhizoids
Photosynthesis:
the process in which plants make sugar
Gymnosperms produce ______
seeds
Pine trees are _______
gymnosperms
A tulip is a monocot or dicot?
monocot
Cambium:
produces Xylem and Phloem
cellulose:
fibrous material that makes up plant cell walls
fruits:
structures produced by angiosperms to protect and disperse seeds
gymnosperms:
vascular plants that produce seeds without flowers or fruit
monocot:
a flowering plant with leaf vessels running parallel to the leaves’ edges
angiosperms:
all plants with flowers
vascular plant:
a plant with tube structures
nonvascular plant:
a plant without tube structures
nonvascular plants are divided into…
mosses, liverworts, and hornworts
dicots:
flowering plants with 2 cotyledons in their seeds
cones:
structures that produce gymnosperm seeds
cuticle:
the waxy protective layer on a plant
fission:
asexual reproduction of bacteria
filament:
the rod of a stamen
stamen:
the male reproductive organ in a flower
pistil:
the female reproductive organ in a flower
ovary:
the swolen base of the pistil
pollination:
the transfer of pollen grains to the female part of the plant
sori:
fern spores located on fronds
sessile:
remaining in one place in an organism’s ;ofe
ovule:
the place where eggs are produced
petal:
the colourful part of a flower
sepal:
the parts of a plant that form the flower bud
stigma:
a sticky place where pollen lands
stomata:
small openings in the epidermis
guard cell:
the object that surrounds the stoma and open and close it
anther:
the bud on the stamen
nitrogen-fixing bacteria:
bacteria that change air and make it consumable for other organisms
budding:
an areproduction where a part breaks off an organism
medusa:
a bell shaped cnidarian
polyp:
shaped like a vase and sessile (usually)
