History Trimester 1 Flashcards
A civilization is an advanced _______ that has developed cities, sciences, and industries
culture
Successful farmers would want to have a _____, or extra of their crops for trade
surplus
an example of a _____ is water or oil; something derived via the environment
oil
In some dry areas, Native Americans used a system of ________ to help water their crops
irrigation
Women in the Iroquois tribes could vote for ______, aka tribal chief
Sachem
With the development of cities, came the beginning of…
civilizations
Define Geography:
the study of people, environment, and resources
Define Glacier:
a thick sheet of ice, believed to have connected Siberia and Alaska
The Land Bridge Theory believes that land once connected:
Siberia & Alaska
Bering Strait:
a body of water that exists where a land bridge was thought was have to been
The Land Bridge Theory believes:
people between 10k and 100k years ago, people traveled to America via Bering Straight
Inca Capital:
Cuzco
Aztec Capital:
Tenochtitlan
The last of the 3 Ancient Civilizations were…
Inca
The civilization located in South America was:
Incas
The _____ civilization was built on an island
Aztec
The Incas were famous for their ____
roads
The Mayas were famous for their ________
calendar
The _____ did human sacrifices
Aztecs
Which civilization am I that disappeared without a trace
Mayas
The _____ was built on the Andes Mountains
Aztecs
Which 2 civilizations were conquered by the Spanish?
Aztecs & Incas
potlatch:
a ceremony which a host shows gifts
adobe:
a sun-dried brick
What Peninsula became a center of trade for Eurasia, and Africa?
Arabian Peninsula
Muhammad is considered the…
founder and lost prophet
Feudalism:
a system which a ruler grants parts of his land to lords (economical and social)
Republic:
a form of govt. in which people choose representatives to govern them
Direct Democracy:
a form of govt. in which citizens make decisions
Mercantilism:
the ideas that the colonies existed to make the home country powerfule
Johan Gutenberg invents the Printing Press during the _______
Renaissance
The ______ began with Pope Urban II calling for a holy war
Crusades
The _______ brings Europeans and the Middle East closer
Crusades
This time period in Europe placed an emphasis on art, science, and philosophy:
Renaissance
The ___________ starts with the fall of the Roman Empire
Middle Ages
The 95 theses is written during the _______ by..
Reformation, Martin Luther
Spain and England emerge during the _______
Renaissance
The first European to see the Pacific:
Vasco Nunez de Balboa
The first Spaniard to step foot on the US:
Juan Ponce de Leon
The first European to cross the Mississippi River:
Hernando de Soto
Who was the 1st European to cross the Grand Canyon?
Francisco Coronando
_______ _______ conquered the Aztecs
Hernando Cortes
_____ _______ destroyed the Incas
Francisco Pizarro
Conquistador:
a Spanish conqueror
Monarchy:
a ruler (king/queen)
Samuel de Champlain is known as the:
Father of France
This explorer’s exploration give the Dutch claim to the New Netherlands:
Henry Hudson
Leif Erikson:
a viking explorer believed to have been the first explorer to explore parts of NA
The 1st to circumnavigate the Earth:
Ferdinand Magellan
His crew mutinies on his fourth voyage
Henry Hudson
This explorer disappears without a trace while searching for the NW Passage:
John Cabot
Ferdinand Magellan:
the first to dispute Columbus’ voyage (he’s Italian) and was killed in the Philippines
Represents Spain, even being Italian, has 4 voyages:
Amerigo Vespucci
He gives France’s claim in Canada:
Jacques Cartier
Christopher Columbus:
an explorer who dies thinking he had reached Asia
killed many Natives
This Portuguese explorer is the first to sail around the southern tip of Africa:
Vasco da Gama
America is named after him:
Amerigo Vespucci
Spanish Armada:
a fleet of 130 Spanish ships
Prince Henry the Navigator:
helped establish a learning center in Sagres, Portugal
founded Georgia:
James Oglethorpe
governor of Massachusetts Bay; disagreements /w Puritans:
John Winthrop
Founder of Rhode Island:
Roger Williams
Helps to establish Maryland:
Lord Baltimore
William Penn:
distributes pamphlets to promote his Holy Experiment
Introduces Tobacco:
John Rolfe
Saves Jamestown:
John Smith
The leader of a Rebellion and poor farmer:
Nathaniel Bacon
Roanoke is known as…
The Lost Colony
Philadelphia:
setup by William Penn, city of ‘Brotherly Love’
Mayflower Compact:
the 1st document in which American colonists claimed the right to govern themselves
The English wanted to ally this tribe, but they refused
Iroquois
Act of Toleration:
signed in South Carolina
Puritans:
a group who wanted to reform the Church
The most diverse based off non-English settlers:
Middle Colonies
Which colonies put an emphasis on shipbuilding and fishing?
New England Colonies
Tobacco is a smogdrug used mostly in the ______ _____
Southern Colonies
The Middle Colonies’ main crop is ______
wheat
England’s first permanent settlement can be found in:
Southern Colonies
The _____ colonies are home to Catholics, slaves, and debtors
Southern
The tidewater region is here
Southern Colonies
Religion plays a big part in the ____ ____ _______
New England Colonies
The backcountry extends through…
the Middle and Southern colonies
Metacom:
aka King Philip, burned down Jamestown
Charles II took over Dutch without firing a single shot. He renamed it to…
New York
Which economy depended on slaves?
The southern Economy
Tidewater region:
a region of rich planters who grew things such as tobacco
Magna Carta:
when English nobles forced King John in 1215 to sign it, translates to
Rights given to us by a monarch:
Divine Rights
Apprentice:
someone who learns a trade by working for someone
Racism:
The idea that one’s race is superior to others
Natural Rights:
rights given to us by birth
Habeas Corpus:
the principle that someone cannot be held in prison w/o being charged a specific crime
Virgina Company of London:
a company who was interested in New England’s economy and gold
Legislature:
people who can make laws
Who declared himself head of the Church in 1530?
King Henry VIII
Plymouth:
the colony of the pilgrims
Pariliament:
a two-house legislature
libel:
publishing statements that harms someone’s reputation
List and Describe the Navigation Acts:
Acts that Supported Mercantilism:
- Shipments from Europe-English had to go through England first
- imports had to be owned by British ships
- Colonists could sell key products
indentured servant:
someone who signed a contract to work from 4-10 years for anyone would pay for his/her ocean passage to the Americas
He says life, liberty, and property are unalienable rights, and also was a controversial minister; challenged divine rights
John Locke
A Puritan woman who wrote about her life;America’s first poet
Anne Bradstreet
African slave living in Boston who published a series of poems:
Phillis Wheatley
His ‘Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God’ became famous in the colonies
Jonathan Edwards
Who believed in separation of powers?
Montesquieu
Arrested for criticizing the governor of NY; publisher of New York Weekly Journal; Faced libel
John Peter Zenger
______ _ _____ had been living in Holland before called to rule
William and Mary
Glorious Revolution:
When William and Mary become rulers
The Enlightenment:
an intellectual movement about politics, society, and economics
Benjamin Franklin:
had his own autobiography and author of ‘Poor Richard’s Almanac’
Who was forced to sign the Magna Carta?
King John
The Great Awakening was…
a religious revival that affected all 13 colonies
Slave Codes:
laws that restricted rights of slaves
Middle Passages:
A ruthless voyage were Africans were transported across the ATLANTIC, NOT PACIFIC
Ohio River Valley:
the land that the French and British fought on
French/Indian War:
aka 7 years war, war between British vs French and Native Americans
Join or Die:
a cartoon inspiring colonists to join the war against France and NA
Treaty of Paris:
Britain establishing peace after war with France
Social classes in order:
Gentry, Middle Class, Indentured Servants
Mason-Dixon Line:
a line placed between colonies with slaves and less dependent slaves
Judaism:
a religion that taught monotheism, taught among Israelites
Christianity:
taught by Jesus; based on love, mercy, and forgiveness
What was the Inca empire built on?
Andes Mountains
The Church of England was ruled terribly by ______ _____ ___, which he expected everyone to follow his rueles
King Henry VII
Jerusalem:
Where Roman Rulers persecuted Christians
Where did the vikings life?
Scandinavia
King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella liked which explorer’s ideas?
Columbus
Catherine of Aragon:al
Ferdinand and Isabella’s daugher who married King Henry VIII
Charlestown (Charles Town):
Carolina’s Main City
Quakers:
a religious group led by William Penn, who believed all people are equal in God’s eyes
Patriots:
colonists who favored independence and were willing to fight for it took name
In the Treaty of Paris, many European countries ____ territories to each other
ceded
Minutemen:
militia units who would fight at minute’s notice
Merchants in NY, Boston, and Philadelphia organized many _______ of British goods
boycotts
The British East India Company had a ______ on selling British tea in the colonies
monopoly
The Iroquois refused to make an ______ because they expected the French to beat the British
alliance
Loyalists:
those who wanted to remain loyal to Britain and the king
duty:
an import tax
What is the 1st act passed by the British?
Tea Act
Which act put total control over the colonies by the British?
Declaratory Act
What did the Intolerable Acts do?
Closed Port in Boston
Abolished Upper House of Massachusetts
Cut powers of town meetings
Quartering Act strengthened
Which act lowered the price of tea?
Tea Act
Proclamation of 1763:
an act stated to avoid conflict with Native Americans which limited colonist settlement west of Appalachian Mountains
Townshend Acts:
stated only things imported into the colonies would be taxed
What act was passed in response to the Stamp Act repealed?
Declaratory Act
Sugar Act:
a tax placed on molasses
This act taxed things like newspapers, licenses, insurance policies, land titles contracts, and other documents…
Stamp Act
In 1765, colonial leaders would meet in New York to write a petition to have this act repealed…
Stamp Act
Writs of Assistance:
a series of court orders that allowed the British to search colonists’ homes for illegal goods
What is another name for Seven Year’s War?
French and Indian War
What led to the French and Indian War?
British settlers were threatened by the French building forts in Ohio River Valley
Which British general refused to listen to advice?
Edward Braddock
Who became PM of England in 1757?
William Pitt
What happened on March 5, 1770?
Boston Tea Party
The shot heard round the world was fired on what day/year/month?
April 19, 1775
What did William Prescott famously say at the Battle of Bunker Hill?
‘Do not fire until you see the whites of their eyes’
In the Treaty of Paris, Spain cedes _____ to Britain, and France cedes all its land east of Mississippi River to Britain
Florida
In ‘Join or Die’ what animal was shown?
a snake
First Continental Congress:
Colonists agreeing to boycott British imports who wanted Intolerable and other acts repealed, and also wanted to govern themselves
What was the result of the Battle of Lexington and Concord?
The Second Continental Congress tried to make peace with Britain via Olive Branch Petition
Who led the Green Mountain Boys?
Ethan Allen
Who shot the first shot at Lexington and Concord?
nobody to this day knows
The Boston Tea Party was organized by the…
Sons of Liberty
Benedict Arnold:
accompanied Ethan Allen at the battle of Fort Ticonderoga
Who created Join or Die?
Benjamin Franklin
Samuel Adams:
founder of the Committee of Correspondence
Who famously said ‘give me liberty or give me death’?
Patrick Henry
What lawyer defends the soldiers arrested at the Boston Tea Party?
John Adams
Who was the commander of the Continental Army?
George Washington
Thomas Gage:
British military governor of Boston who organizes the events that led to Lexington and Concord
Paul Revere:
a silversmith who inaccurately depicts the events known as ‘Bloody Massacre’
Although victorious at the Battle of Quebec, this British general is killed…
James Wolfe
