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American History > Science Test > Flashcards

Science Test Flashcards

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1
Q

The Four Main states of Matter

A

Solid, liquid, gas, and plasma

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2
Q

Explanation of how the particles that make up gases behave.

A

The Kinetic Theory

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3
Q

Total Energy of the particles that make up a material, including kinetic and potential energy

A

Thermal Energy

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4
Q

Temperature

A

the average kinetic energy of a substance

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5
Q

Kinetic Energy

A

matter is made up of constantly moving particles that collide without losing energy

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6
Q

Melting Point

A

Temperature at which a solid begins to liquefy

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7
Q

Heat of Fusion

A

amount of energy to change a solid phase to the liquid phase

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8
Q

Boiling Point

A

vapor of a liquid is equal to the external pressure acting the surface of liquid

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9
Q

Heat of Vaporization

A

the amount of energy required for a liquid at its boiling point to become gas

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10
Q

sublimitation

A

which a solid slowly changed to a gas without first entering a liquid state.

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11
Q

Plasma

A

hot, highly ionized, electrically conducting gas.

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12
Q

Thermal Expansion

A

increase in the volume of a substance when the temperature if increased.

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13
Q

Viscosity

A

resistance to flow by a fluid

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14
Q

Buoyancy

A

ability of fluid to exert an upward force of an object immersed in it

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15
Q

Pressure

A

amount of force excerted per unit

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16
Q

If the buoyant force is equal or greater than the gravitational force on that object will (FLOAT OR SINK)?

A

FLOAT

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17
Q

If the buoyant force of an object if less than the gravitational force, then the object will (FLOAT OR SINK)?

A

SINK

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18
Q

“T OR F”-the pressure applied to a fluid if transmitted throughout the fluid according to pascals’ principle.

A

TRUE

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19
Q

“T OR F”- As velocity of a fluid increases, the pressure exerted by the fluid decreases according to Bernoulli’s principle.

A

TRUE

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20
Q

Boyle’s Law

A

If the temperature if constant as the volume decreases, the gas increases.

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21
Q

Charles’s Law

A

At constant pressure, the volume of a gas increases with increasing temperature

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22
Q

What can both be expressed as mathematical equations?

A

Boyls’s and Charles’s Law

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22
Q

“T OR F”- An element is a substance with the same kind of atoms.

A

TRUE

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22
Q

Compound

A

is a substance that has two or more elements combined in a fixed proportion.

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23
Q

“T OR F”- There are approximately 90 naturally occurring elements found on Earth and over 25 that have been created in laboratories.

A

TRUE

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23
Q

“T OR F”- Mixtures can be heterogenous or homogeneous and can be separated by physical means.

A

TRUE

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24
Q

Substance

A

element or compound that cannot be broken down into simpler components.

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25
Q

Elements

A

substance with atoms that ae alike

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26
Q

Compound

A

substance in which two or more elements combined in a fixed proportion

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27
Q

Heterogeneous Mixture

A

a mixture that does not have a uniform composition and individual substance remain distinct.

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28
Q

Suspension

A

the method of transport for all particles small enough to be held up by the turbulence

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29
Q

Colloid

A

heterogeneous mixture whose particles never settle.

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30
Q

Tyndall Effect

A

tendency for a beam of light to scatter as it passes through a colloid.

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31
Q

Homogeneous Mixture

A

Mixture that has a uniform composition throughout and always has a single phase

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32
Q

Solution

A

has particles that are so small they cannot be seen with a microscope.

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33
Q

Physical Property

A

can be observed without changing the identity of the material.

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34
Q

Physical Change

A

any change in size, shape, or state of matter in which the identity of the substance remains the same.

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35
Q

Distillation

A

separate two substances in a mixture by evaporating a liquid and recondensing its vapor.

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36
Q

Chemical Property

A

any characteristic of a substance that can be observed that produces a new substance.

37
Q

Chemical Change

A

change of one substance into a new substance.

38
Q

Law of conservation of Mass

A

mass of all substances present before a chemical change equals the mass of all the ­substances remaining after the change.

39
Q

“T OR F”- Physical properties can be used to distinguish and separate substances.

A

TRUE

40
Q

“T OR F”- A Chemical Change is sometimes indicated by cooling, healing, or formation of solids or bubbles.

A

TRUE

41
Q

What is the matter that is neither created nor destroyed in chemical reaction?

A

The Law of Conservation

42
Q

END OF MODULE 14 & 15

A
43
Q

“T OR F”- Scientists use chemical symbols to abbreviate elements names.

A

TRUE

44
Q

What are atoms composed of?

A

Protons, Neutrons, and Electrons

45
Q

“T OR F”- Scientist have confirmed the existence of six different quarks.

A

TRUE

46
Q

What is the current atomic model?

A

Electron Cloud Model

47
Q

Atom

A

smallest particle of an element that still retains the properties of the element.

48
Q

Nucleus

A

the small, positively charged center of an atom

49
Q

Protons

A

tiny atomic particle that has mass and a positive electric charge.

50
Q

Neutron

A

tiny atomic particle that is electrically neutral and has about the same mass as a proton.

51
Q

Electrons

A

tiny atomic particle with little mass and a negative electric charge

52
Q

Quarks

A

particle of matter that makes up protons and neutrons.

53
Q

What makes up most of an atom’s mass?

A

Protons and Neutrons

54
Q

“T OR F” Each element has a unique number of protons.

A

TRUE

55
Q

What is the average atomic mass of an element?

A

The weighted average mass of all naturally occurring isotopes of that element.

56
Q

Atomic number

A

number of protons contained in an atom’s nucleus.

57
Q

Mass number

A

combined number of protons and neutrons

58
Q

Isotopes

A

Atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons

59
Q

Average Atomic Mass

A

weighted-average mass of an element’s isotopes

60
Q

“T OR F”- Mendeleev organized the element’s based on atomic mass and chemical and physical properties.

A

TRUE

61
Q

“T OR F”- Moseley built upon Mendeleev periodic table by further organizing elements by increasing atomic number.

A

TRUE

62
Q

What are classified as metals, nonmetals, or metalloids?

A

Elements on the periodic table

63
Q

Periodic Table

A

organized list of all known elements that are arranged by increasing atomic number

64
Q

Periods

A

amount of time it takes one wavelength to pass a fixed point (seconds)

65
Q

Groups

A

vertical column in the periodic table.

66
Q

Electron Dot Diagram

A

uses the symbol for an element and dots representing the number of electrons

67
Q

“T OR F” Metals tend to form ionic and metallic bonds

A

TRUE

68
Q

What are called alkali metals and are the most reactive metals?

A

Group 1

69
Q

What are called alkaline earth metals and are very reactive?

A

Group 2

70
Q

Elements in group 3-12 in the periodic table and have a widely variety of properties and uses

A

Transition Elements

71
Q

Inner Transition Elements

A

fit in the periodic table between groups 3 and 4 in period 6 and 7

72
Q

Metals

A

element that is shiny, malleable, ductile, and a good conductor of heat

73
Q

Malleable

A

property of metals and alloys that allows them to be hammered

74
Q

Ductile

A

property of metals and alloys that allows them to be drawn into wires.

75
Q

Metallic Bonding

A

some electrons move freely among a metal’s positively charged ions,

76
Q

Radioactive Elements

A

elements whose nucleus breaks down and emits particles

77
Q

Transition Elements

A

Elements in groups 3–12 of the modern periodic table

78
Q

“T OR F” - Nonmetals are usually gases or brittle solids that are not shiny and do not conduct heat or electricity.

A

TRUE

79
Q

What is the most common element in the universe and is highly reactive?

A

Hydrogen

80
Q

Group 17 and are highly reactive:

A

Halogens

81
Q

What exist as isolated atoms in nature?

A

Noble Gases

82
Q

Nonmetals

A

element that usually is a gas or brittle solid at room temperature

83
Q

Diatomic Molecule

A

a molecule that consists of two atoms of the same element

84
Q

“T OR F”- Metalloids are elements that can have metallic and nonmetallic properties.

A

TRUE

85
Q

What do the elements in group 14 have?

A

Four electrons in their outer energy levels

86
Q

What do elements in group 15 have?

A

They tend to share electrons and form covalent bonds.

87
Q

What do elements in Group 16 have?

A

They have six electrons in their outer energy levels and can form covalent and ionic bonds.

88
Q

“T OR F”- Scientist might better understand how the forces inside an atom behave

A

TRUE

89
Q

Metalloid

A

elements that share some properties with metals

90
Q

Allotropes

A

different molecular structures of the same element.

91
Q

Semiconductors

A

material that conducts an electric current under certain conditions.

92
Q

Transuranium Elements

A

elements having more than 92 protons which are all synthetic and unstable.

American History (13 decks)

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