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Science Test Flashcards

lesson 1 to 4

1
Q

The Four Main states of Matter

A

Solid, liquid, gas, and plasma

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2
Q

Explanation of how the particles that make up gases behave.

A

The Kinetic Theory

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3
Q

Total Energy of the particles that make up a material, including kinetic and potential energy

A

Thermal Energy

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4
Q

Temperature

A

the average kinetic energy of a substance

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5
Q

Kinetic Energy

A

matter is made up of constantly moving particles that collide without losing energy

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6
Q

Melting Point

A

Temperature at which a solid begins to liquefy

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7
Q

Heat of Fusion

A

amount of energy to change a solid phase to the liquid phase

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8
Q

Boiling Point

A

vapor of a liquid is equal to the external pressure acting the surface of liquid

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9
Q

Heat of Vaporization

A

the amount of energy required for a liquid at its boiling point to become gas

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10
Q

sublimitation

A

which a solid slowly changed to a gas without first entering a liquid state.

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11
Q

Plasma

A

hot, highly ionized, electrically conducting gas.

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12
Q

Thermal Expansion

A

increase in the volume of a substance when the temperature if increased.

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13
Q

Viscosity

A

resistance to flow by a fluid

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14
Q

Buoyancy

A

ability of fluid to exert an upward force of an object immersed in it

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15
Q

Pressure

A

amount of force excerted per unit

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16
Q

If the buoyant force is equal or greater than the gravitational force on that object will (FLOAT OR SINK)?

A

FLOAT

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17
Q

If the buoyant force of an object if less than the gravitational force, then the object will (FLOAT OR SINK)?

A

SINK

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18
Q

“T OR F”-the pressure applied to a fluid if transmitted throughout the fluid according to pascals’ principle.

A

TRUE

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19
Q

“T OR F”- As velocity of a fluid increases, the pressure exerted by the fluid decreases according to Bernoulli’s principle.

A

TRUE

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20
Q

Boyle’s Law

A

If the temperature if constant as the volume decreases, the gas increases.

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21
Q

Charles’s Law

A

At constant pressure, the volume of a gas increases with increasing temperature

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22
Q

What can both be expressed as mathematical equations?

A

Boyls’s and Charles’s Law

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22
Q

“T OR F”- An element is a substance with the same kind of atoms.

A

TRUE

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22
Q

Compound

A

is a substance that has two or more elements combined in a fixed proportion.

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23
"T OR F"- There are approximately 90 naturally occurring elements found on Earth and over 25 that have been created in laboratories.
TRUE
23
"T OR F"- Mixtures can be heterogenous or homogeneous and can be separated by physical means.
TRUE
24
Substance
element or compound that cannot be broken down into simpler components.
25
Elements
substance with atoms that ae alike
26
Compound
substance in which two or more elements combined in a fixed proportion
27
Heterogeneous Mixture
a mixture that does not have a uniform composition and individual substance remain distinct.
28
Suspension
the method of transport for all particles small enough to be held up by the turbulence
29
Colloid
heterogeneous mixture whose particles never settle.
30
Tyndall Effect
tendency for a beam of light to scatter as it passes through a colloid.
31
Homogeneous Mixture
Mixture that has a uniform composition throughout and always has a single phase
32
Solution
has particles that are so small they cannot be seen with a microscope.
33
Physical Property
can be observed without changing the identity of the material.
34
Physical Change
any change in size, shape, or state of matter in which the identity of the substance remains the same.
35
Distillation
separate two substances in a mixture by evaporating a liquid and recondensing its vapor.
36
Chemical Property
any characteristic of a substance that can be observed that produces a new substance.
37
Chemical Change
change of one substance into a new substance.
38
Law of conservation of Mass
mass of all substances present before a chemical change equals the mass of all the ­substances remaining after the change.
39
"T OR F"- Physical properties can be used to distinguish and separate substances.
TRUE
40
"T OR F"- A Chemical Change is sometimes indicated by cooling, healing, or formation of solids or bubbles.
TRUE
41
What is the matter that is neither created nor destroyed in chemical reaction?
The Law of Conservation
42
END OF MODULE 14 & 15
43
"T OR F"- Scientists use chemical symbols to abbreviate elements names.
TRUE
44
What are atoms composed of?
Protons, Neutrons, and Electrons
45
"T OR F"- Scientist have confirmed the existence of six different quarks.
TRUE
46
What is the current atomic model?
Electron Cloud Model
47
Atom
smallest particle of an element that still retains the properties of the element.
48
Nucleus
the small, positively charged center of an atom
49
Protons
tiny atomic particle that has mass and a positive electric charge.
50
Neutron
tiny atomic particle that is electrically neutral and has about the same mass as a proton.
51
Electrons
tiny atomic particle with little mass and a negative electric charge
52
Quarks
particle of matter that makes up protons and neutrons.
53
What makes up most of an atom's mass?
Protons and Neutrons
54
"T OR F" Each element has a unique number of protons.
TRUE
55
What is the average atomic mass of an element?
The weighted average mass of all naturally occurring isotopes of that element.
56
Atomic number
number of protons contained in an atom’s nucleus.
57
Mass number
combined number of protons and neutrons
58
Isotopes
Atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons
59
Average Atomic Mass
weighted-average mass of an element’s isotopes
60
"T OR F"- Mendeleev organized the element's based on atomic mass and chemical and physical properties.
TRUE
61
"T OR F"- Moseley built upon Mendeleev periodic table by further organizing elements by increasing atomic number.
TRUE
62
What are classified as metals, nonmetals, or metalloids?
Elements on the periodic table
63
Periodic Table
organized list of all known elements that are arranged by increasing atomic number
64
Periods
amount of time it takes one wavelength to pass a fixed point (seconds)
65
Groups
vertical column in the periodic table.
66
Electron Dot Diagram
uses the symbol for an element and dots representing the number of electrons
67
"T OR F" Metals tend to form ionic and metallic bonds
TRUE
68
What are called alkali metals and are the most reactive metals?
Group 1
69
What are called alkaline earth metals and are very reactive?
Group 2
70
Elements in group 3-12 in the periodic table and have a widely variety of properties and uses
Transition Elements
71
Inner Transition Elements
fit in the periodic table between groups 3 and 4 in period 6 and 7
72
Metals
element that is shiny, malleable, ductile, and a good conductor of heat
73
Malleable
property of metals and alloys that allows them to be hammered
74
Ductile
property of metals and alloys that allows them to be drawn into wires.
75
Metallic Bonding
some electrons move freely among a metal’s positively charged ions,
76
Radioactive Elements
elements whose nucleus breaks down and emits particles
77
Transition Elements
Elements in groups 3–12 of the modern periodic table
78
"T OR F" - Nonmetals are usually gases or brittle solids that are not shiny and do not conduct heat or electricity.
TRUE
79
What is the most common element in the universe and is highly reactive?
Hydrogen
80
Group 17 and are highly reactive:
Halogens
81
What exist as isolated atoms in nature?
Noble Gases
82
Nonmetals
element that usually is a gas or brittle solid at room temperature
83
Diatomic Molecule
a molecule that consists of two atoms of the same element
84
"T OR F"- Metalloids are elements that can have metallic and nonmetallic properties.
TRUE
85
What do the elements in group 14 have?
Four electrons in their outer energy levels
86
What do elements in group 15 have?
They tend to share electrons and form covalent bonds.
87
What do elements in Group 16 have?
They have six electrons in their outer energy levels and can form covalent and ionic bonds.
88
"T OR F"- Scientist might better understand how the forces inside an atom behave
TRUE
89
Metalloid
elements that share some properties with metals
90
Allotropes
different molecular structures of the same element.
91
Semiconductors
material that conducts an electric current under certain conditions.
92
Transuranium Elements
elements having more than 92 protons which are all synthetic and unstable.

American History (13 decks)

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