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Science 306-03 > Science Sec 3 - Chap 1 > Flashcards

Science Sec 3 - Chap 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Jeopardy!

Flexible barrier that surrounds the cell content, allowing the cell to interact with its environment.

A

The cell membrane

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2
Q

Jeopardy!

These organelles break down engulfed pathogens, nutrient molecules, and components of the cell itself that are no longer functional (aka: trash).

A

What are lysosomes?

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3
Q

Jeopardy

This cellular component visible under the microscope protects the interior of the cell from its environment. It also limits the movement of specific materials into and out of the cell.

A

What is the cellular membrane?

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4
Q

jeopardy

These organelles are involved in cellular metabolism, specifically the production of energy via aerobic respiration.

A

What are mitochondria?

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5
Q

define

cytosol

A

The fluid contained within a cell.

In contrast, the cytoplasm includes both the intracellular fluid and all of the extranuclear organelles.

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6
Q

Jeopardy

This cell component visible under the microscope includes both the cytosol and the organelles*.

*except the nucleus

A

What is the cytoplasm?

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7
Q

Jeopardy

In animal cells, this organelle serves as the location for DNA in its chromatin form.

A

What is the nucleous?

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8
Q

Jeopardy!

Organelle composed of two subunits where protein are synthesized.

A

What is the ribosome?

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9
Q

Jeopardy

This molecule controls all cell activity.

A

What is DNA: deoxyribonucleic acid

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10
Q

Jeopardy

The organelle stores material produced by the cell and transports it to the cell membrane and outside the cell.

A

What is the Golgi apparatus

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11
Q

Jeopardy

THis organelle transports material from one part of the cell to another.

A

What is the Endoplasmic reticulum

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12
Q

Name this organelle

A

Endoplasmic Reticulum

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13
Q

Jeopardy

These organelles are tge cellular machinery responsible for making proteins

A

What are Ribosome?

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14
Q

Name this organelle

A

Ribosome

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15
Q

Identify

Contains all organelles and many other dissolved substances.

A

Cytosol

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16
Q

Identify this organelle

This environment is hospitable for most cell activities.

A

Cytoplasm

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17
Q

Identify 3 roles of…

The cell membrane

A

1)Forms a barrier and protects cell.
2)Let’s stuff in: Lets nutrients and other materials get absorbed.
3)Let’s stuff out: Helps waste leave the cell.

There are channels all over the membrane that control the substances “ins and outs”.

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18
Q

Identify this organelle:

Digest certain nutrients and decompose and recycle various materials.

A

Lysosomes
Tip: Think of the lysosomes as the “Ecocentre” of the cell.

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19
Q

Identify this organelle:

Produces energy through cellular respiration.

A

Mitochondria

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20
Q

Identify:

Molecule that controls all cell activities

A

DNA

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21
Q

Identify:

What parts of a cell can you see under a microscope?

There are 3 parts

A

1)The cell membrane
2)The Nucleus
3)Cytoplasm

…honestly tho, it depends on the microscope you use, the way the cell

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22
Q

Fiil in the blanks:

____ (1)is a molecule that is shaped like a ____(2) and is located in the ____(3).

A

1)DNA
2)double helix
3)nucleus

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23
Q

Fill in the blank:

DNA molecules are made up of 2 long chains linked by pairs of tiny molecules called ____

A

Bases

Also: nitrogen bases

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24
Q

Name the 4 nitrogen bases that bridge the 2 DNA strands (aka “the rungs”).

A

1)Adenine
2)Thymine
3)Cytosine
4)Guanine

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25
DNA looks like a ladder with millions of rungs (bars forming a step ladder). What is making up the rungs?
The following base pairs: Adenine - Thymine Guanine- Cytosine
26
# Fill in the blanks: A \_\_\_\_(1)is a complete set of genetic information of an individual or species. It includes all the \_\_\_\_(2)
1)Genome 2)base-pairs sequencing
27
# Identify: Segment of DNA that contains genetic information necessary to carry out a particular job (ex: digesting, making harir grow, repairing wounds...)
Genes | A gene is a segment of DNA that contain the blueprint for a specific pro
28
# Fill in the blank The human genome has around \_\_\_\_
25000 genes
29
# Fill in the blanks: \_\_\_\_is the variety of different genetic combinations amoung members of the same \_\_\_\_
1)Genetic diversity 2)species
30
# True or false: No two people possess the same genetic information
**False** Identical twins possess the same genetic information.
31
# True or False: Genes contain the necessary information to manufacture protein.
**True** Genes contain all the necessary information to manufacture proteins such enzymes and hormones and so on. ## Footnote In turn, each protein has a specific job to do, such as digesting nutrient, repairing wounds, giving the eyes their color, etc...
32
# Fill in the blank: Every \_\_\_\_ can exist in different variations and forms.
Gene
33
# Give an exemple: Every gene can exist in differents variations or forms.
Genes responsible for eye color can render the eyes blue, green, brown, etc. or Genes responsible for hair color produce that is blond, brown, red, black, etc. | Any of these two exemple are ok. Can you think of other exemple?
34
# Explain: What are dominant genes?
Each genes come in different variant. Ex. Brown vs blue eyes. An individual receive 2 copy of each gene, one from his mom and one from is dad. If both copy of the gene are of the same variant, this variant will be express. If both copy are of different variant, only the dominant one will express itself. For exemple: Brown eyes genes express themselves at the expense of the genes that determine other eye colors. ## Footnote Are dominant genes always more commun.
35
# True or False: The greater the number of individuals in a population, the greater the genetic diversity.
**TRUE** On the other hand, a small and isolated population is more likely to be less genetically diverse, as are populations in which related individuals breed with one another.
36
# Explain: Sexual reproduction increase genetic diversity. | Explained evolutionary advantage of sexual reproduction over asexual rep
The offsprings receives certain genes form it's mother and certain genes from his father. Each birth is therefore a new opportunity to combine the genes of 2 parents, allowing for new variations within the population.
37
Which of these (left or right) is the cytoplasm?
The one on the left is the cytoplasm. **Explanation**: **Cytoplasm** refers to the entire intracellular space of a cell, including the organelles, while **cytosol** specifically refers to the liquid portion of the cytoplasm.
38
What is this?
A mitochondria.
39
What is this?
The cellular membrane You can see the protein channels that allow substances in and out of the cell.
40
What is this?
Lysosomes (aka The ecocentre of the cell.)
41
What is this?
Golgi Apparatus
42
What is bridging the two strand of the double helix?
The nitrogen bases: Adenine-Thymine Guanine-Cytosine
43
What is this?
Nuclear membrane
44
45
# Define Chromatid
A chromatid is one of the two identical halves of a chromosome that has been replicated in preparation for cell division. The copied strand is attached to the original strand at a spot called the **centromere.**
46
# Fill the blank \_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_ increases the capacity of a species to adapt and decreases the risk of extinction.
Genetic diversity
47
# Fill the blank A \_\_\_\_ is a segment of DNA in which we find genetic information that allows the production of a particular molecule or that determines a specific character.
gene
48
# True or False: The four types of DNA nucleotides - adenine, cytosine, guanine and thymine) are the same for all living species.
True! the genetic diversity of organisms is based on the **sequence **of nucleotides in their respective genes
49
# Fill the blank Each living species therefore has its own unique set of genes, which is called a \_\_\_\_.
genome
50
# Fill the blank A \_\_\_\_ is the condensed version of DNA that forms only during cell division.
Chromosome
51
# Fill the blanks During \_\_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_\_, chromosomes take the form of a pair of Xs where each of the two branches of an X is called a \_\_\_\_\ \_\_\_\_\_
cell division sister chromatid
52
# Fill the blank \_\_\_\_\_ is the form in which chromosomes are entangled and folded up on themselves. This form is found outside the phases of nuclear division
Chromatin
53
# True of false DNA contains all the genetic information of an individual.
True
54
# True or False The number of chromosomes can vary in healthy individuals of the same species with no genetic abnormalities.
False!
55
# True or False For each inherited trait, only one gene is involved.
False! Sometimes a single gene is responsible for an inherited trait, and in other cases several genes are linked to the same trait.
56
# Fill the blank: At the beginning of cell division, the DNA strands coil and condense to form \_\_\_\_
Chromosomes
57
# True or False Chromatoid are exact copies of each other.
True.
58
# Fill the blank: (In the diploid cells), humans have \_\_\_\
23 pairs of chromosomes
59
# Fill the blanks: 23rd pair is \_\_\_ for females and \_\_\_ for males
XX for females XY for males
60
# Identify Process in which cells multiply to ensure growth and to repair tissue
Mitosis
61
# Define: Diploid Cells
Diploid cells have 2 sets of chromosomes - one from the mother and one from the father. Diploid cells are formed during mitosis.
62
# Describe Prophase
1.Phase 1 of Mitosis 2. Chromosomes are formed (DNA strands arecondensed) 3. 3. Nuclear membrane disappears
63
# Describe Metaphase
1.Phase 2 of Mitosis 2.Chromosomes align at the center of the cel
64
Name the phase represented in the schema:
The metaphase: Phase 2 of the Mitosis.
65
# Describe Anaphase
1.Phase 3 of mitosis 2.Chromosomes split at the center to form chromatids 3.Chromatids move away from the center and half go toone side of the cell and half to the other
66
Name de phase represented in the schema.
Anaphase: Phase 3 of the mitosis.
67
# Describe Telophase
1.Phase 4 of the mitosis. 2.A new nuclear membrane forms 3.DNA uncoils and separates into strands 4.Organelles & cytosol are evenly dividedCells divide into 2 daughter cells each with 23 pairs of chromosomes
68
Name the phase represente in the schema:
Telophase
69
# Define Meiosis
The process in which female and male gametes areproduced in order for reproduction to take place(production of gametes for reproduction)
70
# Define Haploid cells
Haploid cells (or sex cells) only contain 1 set of chromosomes.
71
How many chromosomes in a human diploid cell.
46 chromosomes or 23 pairs
72
# Define Tissue
A group of **similar** cells that function together as a unit to accomplish specific functions. | Similar, but not necessarily identical
73
# True or False All cells of a tissue must be identical.
**False** A tissue is a group of cells, whether identical or not, contributing to the same function in the body. Therefore, it is not necessary for all cells to be identical to constitute a tissue.
74
# True or False: To be considered a tissue, the cells must **adhere to each other**. The adhesion is the result of either a substance covering the cells or from an intertwining of fibres between the cells.
**True**! Adhesion is an important characteristic of tissue cells
75
# Name: 4 types of tissues
Connective tissue Epithelial tissue Muscle tissue Nervous tissue
76
Where is the epithelial tissue found?
It covers and protects organs on the inside and outside of the body 1. skin 2. salivary gland 3. small intestine 4. kidney
77
# Describe Role of the epithelial tissue
The epithelial tissue secrets, absorbs and filters substances.
78
# Identify: The most common type of tissue found throughout the body.
The connective tissue
79
# Give 5 exemples Connective tissue
ex1: tendons ex2: cartilage ex3: fatty tissue ex4: bone tissue ex5:blood tissue
80
# Describe What is the role of the connective tissue
The connective tissue binds (connects) and supports tissues and organs in the body.
81
# Identify: 2 characteristics of the muscle tissue
1. It can contract and regain it's shape so body can move. 2. The contraction can be volontary or involontary.
82
# Identify Tissue made up of neurons
Nervous tissue
83
# Identify Type of tissue found outside of the body (ex: skin)
The epithelial tissue
84
# Identify Tissue that line the respiratory tract
The endothelial tissue
85
# True or false Blood is a type of connective tissue
True!
86
# Name Muscle tissue whose contractions are involontary
Cardiac muscle tissue (ie, the heart)
87
# Identify: 3 types of muscle tissue
1. Skeletal muscle tissue (attached to bones) 2. Smooth muscle tissue 3. Cardia muscle tissue
88
# identify 3 organs where smooth muscle tissue plays a role
It the lining of organs that contact like 1. stomack 2. bladder 3. uterus 4. some blood vessels
89
# Describe: The fonction of nerve tissue
Control and guide the activities of the body so message can go from the brain to other parts of the body.
90
# FIll the blank The functions of the \_\_\_\_ tissue consist in receiving external stimuli, analyzing them, and transmitting a response
Nervous tissue
91
What kind of tissue is this:
Nervous tissue
92
# Fill the blank: \_\_\_\_ tissue is made up of elongated cells that have the ability to contract.
Muscle tissue
93
# Identify 3 locations where nerve tissue can be found
1. brain 2. nerves 3. spinal cord
94
# Define Organs
A group of two or more different tissue types that perform one or more specific functions.
95
# GIve exemples Organs
1. stomach 2. heart 3. lungs
96
A structure composed of tissues grouped together to perform one or more specific functions is called an \_\_\_\_.
organ.
97
# Define Systems
A group of tissues and organs that work together to accomlish a common task.
98
# FIlls the blanks A \_\_\_\_ is a group of \_\_\_\_ and \_\_\_\_ working together to accomplish a \_\_\_\_.
system tissues organs common purpose.
99
# Fill the blank: SPECIALIZED CELLS that perform a common function are called \_\_\_\_
tissues
100
various types of \_\_\_\_ can form an \_\_\_\_, which can form systems, which in turn form an \_\_\_\_, in this case, a human being.
tissue organ, systems, organism,
101
# Describe: The role of the cardiac system
The cardiac system 1. circulates blood 2. tansports nutrients 3. eliminates waste
102
# Describe: The role of the digestive system
Breaks down and absorbs nutrients and eliminates waste.
103
# Describe: The role of the excretory system
Makes sure that waste leaves the body
104
# Describe The role of the lymphatic system
Works with the immune system to fight foreign microorganisms
105
# Describe The role of the musculoskeletal system
Gives body support and mobility
106
# Describe The role of the nervous system
Controls entire organism (and makes thought and memory possible)
107
# Describe The role of the reproductive system
Allows sexual reproduction to happen
108
# Describe: The role of the respiratory system
Helps the body absorb oxygen and release carbon dioxide
109
Identify this system
The respiratory system

Science 306-03 (12 decks)

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