2. Cell Division

Question 1

Fill the blank

A ____ is a segment of DNA in which we find genetic information that allows the production of a particular molecule or that determines a specific character.

Answer 1

gene

Question 2

What name is given to the basic functional and structural unit of all living organisms?

Answer 2

cell

Question 3

Name the four phases of the cell cycle.

Answer 3

G1
S (synthesis)
G2
M (mitosis)

Question 4

Explain the difference between a haploid and a diploid cell.

Answer 4

Haploid cells have only one full set of chromosomes. In humans, the only haploid cells are germ cells (sperm and eggs) produced by meiosis.
Diploid cells have two distinct sets of chromosomes. In humans, all somatic cells are diploid and are produced by mitosis.

Question 5

Name the two types of (eukaryotic) cell division.

Answer 5

1. mitosis
2. meiosis
   Mitosis produces (somatic) cells that are identical to the parent, while meiosis produces germ cells with only half of the parental genetic material.

Question 6

Name four broad differences between mitosis and meiosis.

Answer 6

1.Mitosis involves a single division, while meiosis involves two.

2.Mitosis produces two identical diploid cells, while meiosis
produces up to four haploid cells that are not identical.

3.Mitosis is used to form somatic cells, while meiosis produces germ cells (gametes).

4.Crossing over occurs in meiosis, but does not happen in mitosis.

somatic cell are cell that are not germ cell

Question 7

Mitosis is broadly similar, but not identical, to meiosis I. Name three differences between the two processes.

Answer 7

1.Mitosis involves the separation of sister chromatids, while meiosis I involves the separation of homologous chromosomes.

2.Mitosis produces diploid cells, while the products of meiosis I are haploid.

3.Crossing over occurs in prophase of meiosis I, but does not occur at all during mitosis.

Question 8

Which process of genetic recombination occurs during prophase I of meiosis?

Answer 8

Crossing over, or the trading of DNA segments between homologous chromosomes, occurs when these chromosomes are paired together in prophase I.

Question 9

Define

sister chromatid

Answer 9

1.Sister chromatids are genetically identical, as they result from the replication of a single chromosome.

2.Sister chromatids separate during meiosis II and mitosis.

Question 10

Fill in the blank

The human genome has around ____

Answer 10

25000 genes

Question 11

Define:

Diploid Cells

Answer 11

Diploid cells have 2 sets of chromosomes - one from the mother and one from the father. Diploid cells are formed during mitosis.

Question 12

True or False

The number of chromosomes can vary in healthy individuals of the same species with no genetic abnormalities.

Answer 12

False!

Question 13

Describe

Mitosis: Prophase

Answer 13

1.Phase 1 of Mitosis

2. Chromosomes are formed (DNA strands arecondensed)
4. Nuclear membrane disappears

Question 14

Fill the blanks:

23rd pair is ___ for females and ___ for males

Answer 14

XX for females
XY for males

Question 15

Fill the blank

____ ____ increases the capacity of a species to adapt and decreases the risk of extinction.

Answer 15

Genetic diversity

Question 16

True or False:

Genes contain the necessary information to manufacture protein.

Answer 16

True
Genes contain all the necessary information to manufacture proteins such enzymes and hormones and so on.

In turn, each protein has a specific job to do, such as digesting nutrient, repairing wounds, giving the eyes their color, etc…

Question 17

Identify:

Molecule that controls all cell activity.

Answer 17

DNA: deoxyribonucleic acid

Question 18

Identify

Contains all organelles and many other dissolved substances.

Answer 18

Cytosol

Question 19

True of false

DNA contains all the genetic information of an individual.

Answer 19

True

Question 20

Fill the blank

_____ is the form in which chromosomes are entangled and folded up on themselves. This form is found outside the phases of nuclear division

Answer 20

Chromatin

Question 21

Fill in the blanks:

____is the variety of different genetic combinations amoung members of the same ____

Answer 21

1)Genetic diversity
2)species

Question 22

Fill in the blank:

Every ____ can exist in different variations and forms.

Answer 22

Gene

Question 23

Fill the blank:

At the beginning of cell division, the DNA strands coil and condense to form ____

Answer 23

Chromosomes

Question 24

What cellular events characterize (mitosis) metaphase?

Answer 24

The chromosomes line up along the center of the cell, a region called the metaphase plate.

Question 25

# Identify Process in which cells multiply to ensure growth and to repair tissue

Answer 25

Mitosis

Question 26

During which stage of meiosis do daughter cells become haploid?

Answer 26

During Meiosis I, a pair of chromosome separates. This leaves two daughter cells, each with a single chromosome from each pair and its replicated copy.

Question 27

What cellular events characterize (mitosis) anaphase?

Answer 27

Sister chromatids are cleaved apart

Question 28

What cellular events characterize (mitosis) telophase?

Answer 28

1.The cell elongates. 2.Each daughter cell forms a new nuclear membrane. 3.The chromosomes start to become less condensed.

Question 29

# True or False Sister chromatoid are exact copies of each other.

Answer 29

True.

Question 30

# True or False For each inherited trait, only one gene is involved.

Answer 30

False! Sometimes a single gene is responsible for an inherited trait, and in other cases several genes are linked to the same trait.

Question 31

# Fill the blank A \_\_\_\_ is the condensed version of DNA that forms only during cell division.

Answer 31

Chromosome

Question 32

# Fill the blank: (In the diploid cells), humans have \_\_\_\_

Answer 32

23 pairs of chromosomes

Question 33

# Fill the blanks During \_\_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_\_, chromosomes take the form of a pair of Xs where each of the two branches of an X is called a \_\_\_\_\ \_\_\_\_\_

Answer 33

cell division sister chromatid

Question 34

# Define Meiosis

Answer 34

The process in which female and male gametes areproduced in order for reproduction to take place(production of gametes for reproduction) | another name for meiosis is gametogenesis!