4. Reproductive System Flashcards by Anne-Marie Dion

Jeopardy!

During this stage of the development cycle, ovum and spermatozoa fuse together.

What is fertilization?

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Fill the blank

Following fertilization, the diploid cell, called a zygote, can subsequently reproduce by ____ and transfer it’s DNA to the entire organism.

mitosis

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Jeopardy!

Following fertilisation, this diploid cell containing the genetic material of both mother and father.

What is a zygote?

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Jeopardy!

This process investigated at lenght during the previous unit allows for the production of haploid cell require for sexual reproduction.

What is meiosis?

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Jeopardy

Name given to the developmental stage corresponding to the first two weeks after fertilization.

What is the zygote stage

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Name given to the stage of pregnancy that starts 2 weeks after fertilization and ends at 9 weeks.

What is the embryo stage?

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Name give to the stage of pregnancy that starts 9 weeks after fertilization and ends with birth.

What is the fetus stage?

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Name of the stage of development that last from birth to 2 years

What is the baby stage?

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Stage of development that last from 2 to 6 years.

What is the early childhood stage?

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Stage of development that last from 6 to 10 years.

What is the childhood stage?

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Stage of development between 10 and 18 years

What is adolescence?

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Period in human life known as adulthood

What is 18 to 70 years of age?

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This last developmental stage, starts at 70 and end with death.

What is old age?

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Jeopardy

Period characterized be the changes that prepare the human body for the ability to reproduce.

What is puberty?

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Fill the blanks

____ is the stage of development that marks a turning point between childhood and adulthood. It is a particularly important part of development because it includes ____.

Adolescence
puberty

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Fill the blanks

The beginning of puberty is marked by a progressive increase in the production of ____ ____,

Sex hormones

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____ and ____ are hormones secreted by the ____ ____. They stimulate the maturation of ova in females and the production of spermatozoa in male. They also stimulate the production of sex hormones by the ovaries in female (____ and ____) and by the testicles in male ( _____).

FSH
LH
pituitary gland
estrogens
progesterone
testosterone

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Jeopardy

In human male, these 5 physical changes are associated with puberty.

What are:
1. maturation of genital
2. larynx becomes larger
3. facial\underarm and pubic hair
4. shoulders widen
5. increase in bone density and muscle mass?

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Jeopardy

Psychological urge characteristic of puberty.

What is the need for independance?

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These 5 physical changes indicates that a female human as reach puberty.

What are:
1. Beginning of the menstrual cycle.
2. Breast developement
3. widening of pelvis (hips).
4. underarm and public hair.
5. accumulation of fatty tissue of hips and breast?

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Jeopardy

For the human female, these 2 hormones produced by the pituitary gland stimulate the maturation of the ova and case the ovaries to produce estrogen and progesterone

What are:
1. Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)
2. Luteinizing hormones (LH)?

Hormones responsable for the maturation of spermatozoa and the production of testosterone by the testicules.

What are the Follicule stimulating hormone (FSH) and the Luteinizing hormones (LH).

Jeopardy

During this cyclical process, one oocyte develops into an ovum ready to be fertilized.

What is Oogenesis?

This hormone directs the ovary to select and mature an ovarian follicule.

What is Follicle stimulating hormone(FSH)?

# Jeopardy Released by the maturing follicule, this hormone helps prepare the uterus to receive the egg.

What is Estrogen?

# Jeopardy Hormone that stimulates the release of the mature ovum from the ovary.

What is the Luteinizing hormone?

Process where a mature ovum is released from the ovary.

What is ovulation?

# Jeopardy This hormone prepares a healthy environment for the fetus to grow.

What is progesterone?

Effects associated with progesterone in the female body

What are: 1. Uterine lining build up and 2. Prevent uterus from shedding this lining?

Chemical messengers, which are transported by the blood and control the activity of one or more organs.

What are hormones?

These two hormone secreted in the brain by the pituitary gland are known to trigger puberty

What are follicule stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone?

# Jeopardy Number of days in the menstrual cycle

What is 28 days?

A sharp increase of LH around day 14 of the menstrual cycle accompany this event.

What is the release of the ovum (aka ovulation)

Mess following a quick drop of progesterone.

What is menstruation

# Define Infertility

The inability to conceive after 12 months

# define assisted reproduction

Refers to all medical procedures that help a woman get pregnant

# Define Ovarian stimulation

uses hormones to stimulate ovaries into developing follicles, allowing mature ova to be released at the same time

# Define Artificial Insemination

Injecting semen directly into the uterus on the day of ovulation

# Define In Vitro Fertilization

Involves fertilization of an ova by a sperm cell in the lab, after 2-7 days the embryos are implanted into the uterus

# Define Oogenesis (and ovarian cycle): hormones responsible

FSH (Follicle stimulating hormone): directs the ovary to select and mature an ovarian follicle. Estrogen: released by the maturing follicle to help prepare the uterus to receive a fertilized egg. LH (Luteinizing hormone): stimulates the release of the mature ovum from the ovary (ovulation). Progesterone: helps the uterine lining to build up, preparing a healthy environment for a fetus to grow, and prevents the uterus from shedding this lining.

# Define Menopause

Woman over 40 with no menstruation for over a year Ovarian and menstrual cycle ends Hot flashes, mood swings, bone loss

# Define Spermatogenesis

Follicle Stimulating hormone (FSH) is secreted by the pituitary gland to cause testicles to create spermatozoa Luteinizing hormone (LH) is secreted by the pituitary gland to cause testicles to create testosterone Testosterone is produced by the testicles and helps regulate spermatozoa production

# Define Erection

When blood fills the erectile tissue of the penis, causing it to become rigid and increase in volume

# Define Ejaculation

Semen projected through urethra and out penis

# Define Ejaculation

Semen projected through urethra and out penis

# Define Andropause

When men get older hormone levels and sperm production decrease This does not affect fertility like in women

# What is The Male growth Hormone

Testosterone

# What are The Female growth hormones

Estrogen and Progesterone

# Complete the blanks Each oocyte is surrounded by a layer of cells called an \_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_

Ovarian Follicule