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Science 306-03 > Respiratory and circulatory > Flashcards

Respiratory and circulatory Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

COMPOSITION OF BLOOD

A

Only fluid tissue in the body

Man’s body: 5-6L, Woman’s body: 4-5L

Blood cells are called “formed elements”

55% of blood is plasma, 45% formed
elements

Plasma separated through centrifugation

Blood is a colloid

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2
Q

BLOOD CONSTITUENTS

A

Yellowish liquid

90% water

Nutrients, antibodies, hormones, waste dissolved

Transports nutrients to cells

Transports waste to excretory organs

Transports antibodies and hormones

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3
Q

RED BLOOD CELLS

A

Red colored cells

Disk shaped (doughnut)

No nucleus

No organelles

Transports oxygen with the
help of hemoglobin (a
protein)

Transports carbon dioxide

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4
Q

WHITE BLOOD CELLS

A

Transparent

Protects body against diseases, bacteria,
viruses

Deals with immunity

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5
Q

PLATELETS

A

Small fragments of cells in bone marrow (flexible
tissue in interior of bones)
No nucleus
Irregular shapes
Helps blood
clotting (stop you
from bleeding)

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6
Q

BLOOD TYPES

A

Four types: A, B, AB, O

You can determine blood types by presence or absence
of “Substance A” and “Substance B” on membrane of cell
Rhesus factor (Rh factor) also on membrane and helps
determine if blood is positive or negative
Rh factor presence means Rh positive, no Rh factor
means Rh negative

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7
Q

Nasal passages

A

Open to the outside through nostrils and end
in pharynx

Coated with mucus ( produced by glands)
which moistens air

Lined with hair that filters dust particles when
we breathe

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8
Q

Pharynx

A

Part of the respiratory and digestive tract

Air inhaled and food passes at different times
(air towards trachea, food towards
esophagus)

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9
Q

Larynx

A

Connects pharynx to trachea
Consists of mainly cartilage and has vocal
cords
Carries air
Produces sound (vocal cords vibrate when we
exhale which creates sound)

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10
Q

Trachea

A

Made of cartilage rings to hold it open and
give it strength

Inner surface covered with mucus that traps
dust

Interior has cilia (hair like) that filters and
purifies

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11
Q

Bronchi

A

Lower ends of trachea split in two bronchi

Tubes directly under right and left lung

Made of cartilaginous rings to hold them open

Carry air into lungs

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12
Q

Lungs

A

Spongy and elastic organs

On each side of the heart

Enclosed in rib cage

Formed by millions of air sacs (alveoli)

Gas exchanges between body and world

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13
Q

Diaphragm

A

the dome-shaped sheet of muscle that
separates the chest from the abdomen.

It is attached to the spine, ribs and sternum

the main muscle of respiration

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14
Q

Inhalation

A

Ribs and sternum(breastbone) lift

Diaphragm lowers

Volume of rib cage and lungs increase

Pressure in lungs decreases

Air enters (high pressure outside to low inside)

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15
Q

Exhalation

A

Ribs and sternum lower when muscles relax

Diaphragm lift when relaxed

Volume of rib cage and lungs decrease

Pressure inside lungs increases

Air exits (high to low pressure)

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16
Q

GAS EXCHANGE

A

Oxygen MUST reach all the cells in our body

Blood circulation allows oxygen to be
distributed and carbon dioxide (a waste
product of cellular respiration) must be
expelled from the body

This gas exchange takes place in the ALVEOLI
in the lungs

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17
Q

EXCHANGE

A

Concentration of oxygen is higher in the alveoli
than capillary blood so it diffuses from alveoli to
blood

Concentration of carbon dioxide is higher in
capillary blood than alveoli so it diffuses from
capillary blood to alveoli

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18
Q

The circulatory system includes ___, ___
and ___

A

blood
blood vessels (carry blood)
heart (pumps blood)

19
Q

There are almost ___ of blood vessels
in your body

A

60000 miles

20
Q

Name the 4 “jobs” of the circulatory system

A

Transports oxygen and nutrients

Helps your body maintain a controlled
temperature

Helps fight illnesses

Deliver chemicals from foods and medicine
to where they are needed

21
Q

Blood flows from the ___, then ___
then ___

A

arteries
capillaries
veins

22
Q

Define the role and name 2 characteristics of arteries

A

A blood vessel that transports blood from the heart
to other parts of the body (AWAY from the heart)

Largest blood vessel

Thick elastic walls to withstand blood pressure

23
Q

What are capillaries

A

Blood vessels that allow exchanges between blood
and the cells of organs

Nutrients, oxygen, etc pass to cells and blood picks
up carbon dioxide and other waste

Small diameter and very thin walls (like alley way)

Red blood vessels flow through them in single file

24
Q

Define, describe and and explain the role of veins

A

Transports blood from capillaries TOWARDS the heart

Low pressure in veins

Blood circulates through veins with help of muscle
contractions

Veins have valves that keep blood from flowing downwards
because of gravity (muscles contractions also help)

25
Q

Define the role and describe the heart

A

A “pump”

Organ made of muscle tissue

In the ribcage and between the lungs

Has four cavities: Right Atrium, Right
Ventricle, Left Atrium, Left ventricle

26
Q

True or false:
Right atrium is linked to right ventricle and left atrium is
linked to left ventricle. The two sides do not communicate
with each other.

A

true

27
Q

Blood flows through ___ then go from the ___ to the
___.

A

valves
atrium
ventricules

28
Q

Describe the role of the valves (heart)

A

The valves make sure blood does not move
backwards.

29
Q

True or false:
Veins (superior/inferior vena cavas, pulmonary veins) are a
way for blood to enter heart.

A

true

30
Q

Arteries(aorta, pulmonary arteries) attached to ___
carry blood out

A

ventricules

31
Q

Describe how the heart “pumps”

A

Lets blood enter through the ATRIUMS. The heart
must be at rest and muscles relaxed. DIASTOLE.

The two atriums contract simultaneously forcing
blood out to the ventricles. Then, seconds later, the
ventricles contract and push blood into the arteries
attached to the heart. SYSTOLE

Pulse we feel in throat, wrist, temples is related to
the left ventricle. At rest heart beats 75 times per
minute

32
Q

Describe pulmonary circulation

A

Blood exits right ventricles and goes to capillaries
of the lung

Blood released carbon dioxide and picks up
oxygen

Blood returns to the heart and enters the the left
atrium through the pulmonary vein

33
Q

True or false:
With pulmonary circulation, the left side of the heart is the pump

A

false:
with pulmonary circulation, the Right side of the heart is the pump

34
Q

Which is the longer route: systemic or pulmonary?

A

systemic

35
Q

Describe systemic circulation

A

Blood exits left ventricle.

Blood then sheds oxygen, nutrients, etc. and they are
absorbed into tissue cells.

Blood picks up carbon dioxide

Now blood is poor in oxygen, rich in carbon dioxide. It
returns to the heart and enters the right atrium
through the vena cavas.

36
Q

What’s the diagnosis?
deadliest lung disease

Abnormality of cell growth that cause tumors

Smoking (even second hand smoke)

A

Lung cancer

37
Q

What’s the diagnosis?
Inflammation of air passages in the lung

Trachea and bronchi become inflamed

Caused by viruses, bacteria, inhaling fumes/dust

A

Bronchitis

38
Q

What’s the diagnosis?
Blood clot in the lung and blocks pulmonary artery

Causes: travel, stroke, surgery, heart disease..

A

Pulmonary embolism

39
Q

What’s the diagnosis?
Alveoli are destroyed/inflated

Exhalation is slowed or stopped

Causes: smoking, air pollution……

A

Emphysema

40
Q

What’s the diagnosis?
Inflammation of lungs

Caused by bacteria and viruses

A

Pneumonia

41
Q

What’s the diagnosis?

A

Chronic inflammation of bronchial tubes

Causes narrowing of airways

Caused by allergens and irritants

42
Q

What is pneumothorax?

A

When a lung collapses

Caused by a rupture of a cyst, injury of chest
wall, lung diseases

43
Q

What is a tracheotomy?

A

A tracheotomy or a
tracheostomy is an opening surgically created
through the neck into the trachea

Science 306-03 (8 decks)

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