SCIENCE LESSON 4 - BIODIVERSITY AND EVOLUTION Flashcards
Variety of Life
BIODIVERSITY
Means “life”, All the different kinds of life on earth
BIO
Means “variety”, The variety of animals, plants, fungi, and microorganisms
DIVERSITY
TYPES OF DIVERSITY
Genetic Diversity
Species Diversity
Ecosystem Diversity
The change in inherited traits over successive generations in populations of organisms. This allowed organisms to adapt and survive in their environment
EVOLUTION
People behind Principles of Geological
Change
- JAMES HUTTON
- CHARLES LYELL
- THOMAS ROBERT
MALTHUS - CAROLUS LINNAEUS
Organs not in use
will disappear while
organs in use will
develop
THEORY OF USE
AND DISUSE
Believed to be inherited
by their offspring and
propagated by the next
generation
THEORY OF ACQUIRED CHARACTERISTICS
Proposed an entirely different mechanism to account for evolution, His theory of evolution by natural selection became the foundation of modern evolutionary studies
Charles Darwin
Charles Darwin was able to see 13 varieties of finches, which varied in size and shape, from island to island
Darwin’s Finches
MECHANISM OF NATURAL SELECTION
- Overpopulation
- Competition
- Variation
- Adaptation
- Speciation
Organisms tend to over reproduce
Overpopulation
In order to survive, the organisms compete for food and space
Competition
No two individuals are the same, Plants and animals of the same species differ in size, strength, and adaptive structures
Variation
It is a process of becoming better suited to the environment. It improves an organism’s chance of survival
Adaptation
Favorable adaptations gradually accumulate in the species and unfavorable ones disappear
Speciation
Individuals within a population with the most favorable traits for an environment T survive and pass on those traits.
“SURVIVAL OF THE FITTEST”
Natural Selection
Can be observed in places where one can examine actual changes in a population of organisms within a particular period of time
DIRECT EVIDENCE
INDIRECT EVIDENCE
Embryonic Development
Fossils Records
Anatomical Evidence
Traces of organisms that
lived in the past were
preserved by natural
processes or catastrophic
event, usually found in
sedimentary rocks
FOSSIL
RECORDS
Shallow external
molds left by animal
or plant tissues with
little or no organic
materials present
IMPRINTS
Animal or plant
tissues are preserved
in sedimentary rock
and formed with more
organic material
COMPRESSIONS
Comparing body
structures of living
species.
Evolve from a
common ancestors
ANATOMICAL
EVIDENCE
Similar structures that evolved from the same ancestral body parts
Homologous Structures
Body parts of organisms that may perform the same function but are of different anatomy
Analogous Structures
Body parts that are useless or left over from a previous ancestor in which they were useful
Vestigial Structures
The portion of the life
cycle that begins just after
fertilization. Many
organisms have similar
embryos, supporting the
idea of common ancestors
EMBRYONIC
DEVELOPMENT
BIOCHEMICAL PIECES OF EVIDENCE
- DNA/Nucleic Acids
- Evolutionary POV
- PROTEINS
When alleles travel from one population to another population of the same species. Also known as Migra
Gene Flow
The role an organism plays and includes the type of food it eats, where it lives, where it reproduce and its relationship with other species
Niche
occurs when a group within a species separates from other members of its species and develops its own unique characteristics
Speciation
Mechanisms of speciation:
*Allopatric speciation
*Sympatric isolation
a portion of an existing
population becomes
totally isolated because of
geographical barriers
Geographic isolation = ALLOPATRIC
SPECIATION
isolated populations
have become so
genetically different
that reproduction can
no longer occur even
if their members are
brought back to mate
Reproductive Isolation= GENETIC ISOLATION OR SYMPATRIC SPECIATION
The evolutionary process in which species experience changes in characteristics slowly
Gradualism
Common in predator-prey relationship, Two or more species can equal influence one another’s evolutionary direction
Coevolution
2 TYPES OF EVOLUTIONARY PATTERN
Convergent evolution
Divergent Evolution
Groups of initially distantly related organisms evolve similar structures to adapt to similar habitat or way of life
Convergent evolution
Occurs when closely related species move to new habitats because of diverging lifestyles, producing different species
Divergent Evolution
Sent a manuscript to Darwin about his studies. They have almost the same concept about natural selection
Alfred Russel Wallace
Homo habilis
homo means “man” and habilis means “handy”
Homo erectus
the first of our relatives to have human-like body proportions
Homo sapiens
‘wise human’
Two groups of Homo sapiens
Neanderthals
Cro-Magnons
