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Grade 10 3Q > SCIENCE LESSON 2 - THE ENDOCRINE AND NERVOUS SYSTEM > Flashcards

SCIENCE LESSON 2 - THE ENDOCRINE AND NERVOUS SYSTEM Flashcards

1
Q

Two ways body processes are regulated

A
  • Through nervous system
  • Chemically - by hormonal secretions of the endocrine system
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2
Q

Is made up of a group of organs called endocrine glands

A

Endocrine System

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3
Q

Comes from the Greek word “Endo” meaning with, and “Crinis” meaning secrete

A

Endocrine

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4
Q

The endocrine gland is also called as

A

Ductless Gland

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5
Q

Are the secretions of the endocrine glands

A

Hormones

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6
Q

Are special protein substances

A

Hormones

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7
Q

Bring about changes in cells or tissues

A

Hormones

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8
Q

Effects may be an increase or decrease activity of target cells

A

Hormones

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9
Q

Effects may just also be to maintain cells

A

Hormones

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10
Q

Located at the middle of the brain

A

Pineal Gland

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11
Q

Hormone secreted by Pineal Gland

A

Melatonin

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12
Q

Helps regulate daily sleep-wake cycle or seasonal rhythms associated with existing light condition

A

Melatonin

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13
Q

At the lower central area of the brain

A

Hypothalamus

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14
Q

Hormones produced by Hypothalamus

A

Oxytocin
Antidiuretic Hormone

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15
Q

Regulates body temperature and body pressure, and water loss

A

Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH)

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16
Q

Regulates activities of the body, metabolism, and reproduction

A

Oxytocin

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17
Q

Regulates growth of skeletal system, Located beneath the Hypothalamus

A

Pituitary Gland

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18
Q

It stimulates adrenal and thyroid gland to release specific hormones

A

Pituitary Gland

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19
Q

Hormones produced by anterior lobe

A

Growth, Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone, Adrenocorticotropic Hormone, follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), Luteinizing hormone (LH), Prolactin

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20
Q

Stimulate growth of bones

A

Growth Hormones

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21
Q

Regulates the activity of the thyroid gland

A

Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone

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22
Q

Stimulates adrenal cortex to produce steroid hormone

A

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone

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23
Q

Stimulate gamete formation

A

Follicle Stimulating Hormone

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24
Q

Stimulates production of estrogen and progesterone

A

Luteinizing Hormone

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25
Q

Stimulate milk production

A

Prolactin

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26
Q

Hormones produced by Middle Lobe, Enhances production of melanin pigment

A

Melanocytes-Stimulating Hormones

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27
Q

Hormones created by Posterior Lobe

A

Oxytocin, Vasopressin

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28
Q

Regulates contraction during childbirth

A

Oxytocin

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29
Q

Prevents water loss in the body

A

Vasopressin

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30
Q

Located in front of pituitary gland

A

Thyroid Gland

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31
Q

Hormones produced by Thyroid Gland

A

Thyroxine, Triiodothyronine, Calcitonin

32
Q

Regulates rate of metabolism

33
Q

Regulate mental and physical
growth

A

Triiodothyronine

34
Q

Regulates calcium in the blood

A

Calcitonin

35
Q

4 tiny glands connected to the back of the thyroid gland

A

Parathyroid Gland

36
Q

Hormone produced by Parathyroid, Regulates the minerals in the body - calcium and phosphorus in bloodstream

A

Parathormone

37
Q

Placed on top of the kidneys

A

Adrenal Gland

38
Q

Hormones produced by adrenal gland

A

Glucocorticoids, Mineral corticoids, Androgens, Adrenaline

39
Q

Regulates metabolism

A

Glucocorticoids

40
Q

Regulates immune system

A

Mineral corticoids

41
Q

Regulates blood pressure

42
Q

Regulates response to stress

A

Adrenaline

43
Q

Decreases the amount of sugar in the bloodstream

44
Q

It prevents your blood sugar from dropping too low; increases the body sugar level

45
Q

Controls growth and development of male sex organ and other secondary and sex characteristics

A

Testosterone

46
Q

Controls the development of female secondary sex characteristics

47
Q

Stimulates the growth of uterus lining

A

Progesterone

48
Q

Function of endocrine system

A

Regulates body processes chemically through its hormonal secretions

49
Q

Is a change in internal conditions, which is measured by different receptors

50
Q

Are any of the body structures that sense an incoming stimulus

51
Q

It is the Hypothalamus and identifies the stimulus as received by the receptors and compares it with the value of the normal range or the condition’s set point

A

Control Center

52
Q

The change returns the value to normal range

52
Q

Functions for transmitting messages from one body part to
another

A

Nerve cells or Neurons

53
Q

To protect and assist neurons

A

Supporting cells

54
Q

2 types of nerve fibers

A

Dendrites and Axon

55
Q

Towards the cell body, highly branched, more numerous, shorter, thinner fibers

A

Dendrites (thin)

56
Q

Slightly-branched, fewer, longer, thicker fibers, away from the cell body

A

Axons (thick)

57
Q

Carry impulses from the sense organs to the brain or spinal cord

A

Sensory Neurons

58
Q

Carry impulses from the brain or spinal cord to the muscles

A

Motor Neurons

59
Q

Process the impulses from the sensory neurons,and then relay directives to motor neurons

A

Associative Neurons or Interneurons

60
Q

Serves as a pathway of nerve impulses going to or coming from the brain

A

Spinal Cord

61
Q

Voluntary actions

A

Somatic nervous system

62
Q

Involuntary action

A

Autonomic nervous system

63
Q

Is a control system to reduce or minimize any changes or
conditions of the body, which keeps the whole body system stable. ex. blood pressure regulation

A

Negative feedback

64
Q

Is a control system which uses information from sensors to
increase the rate of processes. ex. childbirth

A

Positive feedback

65
Q

Seat of thinking, reasoning, and power of imagination; sensory-motor coordination; origin of all cerebral functions

A

Gray matter

66
Q

Relays impulses between the cortex and the rest of the brain and spinal cord

A

White matter

67
Q

For language, logic, and mathematics

A

Left cerebral hemisphere

68
Q

For spatial perception, musical ability, artistic ability, and emotions

A

Right cerebral hemisphere

69
Q

Directs all incoming sensory information to the cortex; handles outgoing motor impulses

70
Q

Maintains homeostasis; regulates many hormones, blood pressure, body temperature, heart rate, hunger, thirst, and emotions

A

Hypothalamus

71
Q

Relays sensory information to the cerebrum; coordinates eye reflexes; also helps regulate sleep

72
Q

Relays information between the spinal cord and the brain through their sensory and motor neurons; regulates breathing, heartbeat, and digestion; also coordinates walking and other movements of the body

A

Pons and Medulla Oblongata

73
Q

Regulates balance and muscle coordination

A

Cerebellum

74
Q

Cerebrum, Thalamus, Hypothalamus

75
Q

Pons, Medulla Oblongata, Cerebellum

Grade 10 3Q (19 decks)

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