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Honors Living Earth Period 4 > Science Exam 9-22 > Flashcards

Science Exam 9-22 Flashcards

1
Q

What are three types of bias

A

Measurement, selection, and confirmation

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2
Q

What is measurement bias and how is it avoided

A

A systematic error that arises because of how data is collected

Make sure that instruments and methods are accurate

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3
Q

What is selection bias and how is it avoided

A

A systematic error that arises when a sample does not represent the target population

Random sampling

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4
Q

What is confirmation bias and how is it avoided

A

A systematic error that arises when we select evidence to support our hypothesis

Acknowledge other explanations for the result and seek evidence that goes against the hypothesis

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5
Q

Why is peer review important

A

-sharing ideas
-improves accuracy/quality
-allows for collaboration

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6
Q

What are the taxa in order

A

Domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species

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7
Q

What are the three domains

A

Bacteria, archaea, and eukarya

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8
Q

What are the characteristics of the domain bacteria

A

Unicellular, no nucleus or organelles, has cell wall, can be helpful or harmful

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9
Q

What are the characteristics of the domain archaea

A

Unicellular, no nucleus or organelles, has cell wall, can live under extreme conditions

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10
Q

What are the characteristics of the domain eukarya

A

Unicellular or multicellular, have nucleus

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11
Q

What are the six kingdoms

A

Bacteria, archaea, animalia, plantae, fungi, and protista

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12
Q

What are the characteristics of the kingdom animalia

A

Multicellular, heterotrophic, no cell walls

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13
Q

What are the characteristics of the kingdom plantae

A

Multicellular, autotrophic, cell walls made of cellulose

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14
Q

What are the characteristics of the kingdom fungi

A

Mostly multicellular, heterotrophic, cell walls made of chitin

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15
Q

What are the characteristics of the kingdom protista

A

Mostly unicellular, heterotrophic and autotrophic, some have cell wall

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16
Q

What is the nucleus in an atom made of

A

Protons and neutrons

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17
Q

What are protons

A

Positively charged particles

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18
Q

What are neutrons

A

Neutrally charged particles

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19
Q

What are electrons

A

Negatively charged particles

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20
Q

What are the rings orbiting the atom’s nucleus called

A

Electron shells

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21
Q

What are atoms

A

The smallest part of and element that make up all living things

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22
Q

What are compounds

A

Two or more types of atoms that are chemically bonded

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23
Q

What are mixtures

A

A mix of two ore more types of atoms that are not chemically bonded

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24
Q

What are covalent bonds

A

When two nonmetals share a pair of valence electrons

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25
What are ionic bonds
When electrons are transferred from metal atoms to nonmetal atoms
26
What is the function of carbohydrates
They store and release energy
27
What is the the function of lipids
Serve as long term energy storage and they make up cell membrane
28
What is the function of nucleic acids
Store genetic information, controls cell activities, important to protein synthesis
29
What is the function of proteins
Help digestion, movement, regulate organ functions, defend body, build structures, store food
30
What are good sources of carbs
Fruits, vegetables, bread, rice
31
What is a good source of lipids
Oils and fats (peanuts, corn, olive, soy)
32
What is a good source of nucleic acids
Meat, fish, mushrooms
33
What is a good source of protein
Eggs, meat, yogurt
34
What are the monomers of carbs
Monosaccharides
35
What bonds form between monosaccharides
Glycosidic
36
What are the monomers of lipids
Triglycerides
37
What bonds from between triglycerides
Ester bonds
38
What are the monomers of nucleic acids
Nucleotides
39
What bonds form between nucleotides
Phosphodiester bonds
40
What are the monomers of proteins
Amino acids
41
What bond form between amino acids
Peptide bonds
42
What elements do carbs have
Carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen
43
What elements do lipids have
Carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen
44
What elements do proteins have
Carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, and nitrogen
45
What elements do nucleic acids have
Carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen, and phosphorus
46
What molecules are carbs
Monosaccharides, disaccharides, trisaccharides, and polysaccharides
47
What molecules are lipids
Triglycerides, fatty acids, phospholipids, saturated fat, unsaturated fat, and polyunsaturated fat
48
What molecules are proteins
Dipeptides, tripeptides, and polypeptides
49
What molecules are nucleic acids
DNA and RNA
50
How do we test for starch
2-4 drops of iodine
51
How do we test for protein
10 drops of NaOH (sodium hydroxide) and CuSO (upper sulfate)
52
How do we test for simple sugar
20 drops of Benedict’s solution, then boil in water
53
How do we test for lipids
Place drop of sample on paper, wait for 30 min, hold paper to light source to observe transparency
54
What do positive and negative tests for starch look like
Dark purple/black for positive, no color change/brown for negative
55
What do positive and negative tests look like for protein
Purple for positive, no color change/light blue for nagative
56
What do positive and negative tests look like for simple sugar
Orange, green, or red for positive, no color change/blue for negative
57
What do positive and negative tests look like for lipids
Transparent for positive, not transparent for negative
58
What causes protein folding
The attraction between R-groups
59
What is denaturation
When a polypeptide undergoes a changed shape which compromises its function
60
What can lead to denaturation
When it too cold, a protein partially denatures? While when it is too hot, a protein fully denatures
61
What are the properties of water
Polarity, cohesion, adhesion, density, solvency, latent heat of vaporization, and specific heat capacity

Honors Living Earth Period 4 (19 decks)

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