Science Exam 😱😰😭😠😣

Question 1

Type I survivorship curve

Answer 1

Organisms tend not to die at a young/middle age, small numbers of offspring, lots of parental care (ex. Humans and most primates)

Question 2

Type II survivorship curve

Answer 2

Die equally at each age interval, relatively few offspring and some parental care (ex. Birds/squirrels)

Question 3

Type III survivorship curve

Answer 3

Few survive at young age, pretty long lives if make it past, have lots of offspring at once, not much parental care (ex. Trees snd fish)

Question 4

r selected (cheap offspring)

Answer 4

High growth rate but low survivorship, in unstable environments, many offspring, little parental care, high infant mortality rate, small body size, early onset of maturity, variable population size

Question 5

k selected (expensive offspring)

Answer 5

Low growth rate but high survivability, in stable/predictable environments, few offspring, high parental care, low infant mortality rate, large body size, late onset of maturity, stables population size

Question 6

Examples of r and k selected organisms

Answer 6

r: oysters and fish
k: chimps and humans

Question 7

What is population density

Answer 7

Number of individuals per unit area/volume, affected by resource availability

Question 8

Random distribution

Answer 8

Position of one individual is independent of others, occurs in uniformly structured environment with unpredictable factors affecting distribution

Question 9

Clumped distribution

Answer 9

Individuals grouped in patches, often around resources, most common type, in highly social species where resources are patchy

Question 10

Uniform distribution

Answer 10

Individuals evenly spaced, occurs in territorial species and plants that produce chemicals to inhibit growth of nearby plants

Question 11

Random sampling

Answer 11

Taking a few random areas from a whole and counting the number of organisms in each, then multiply by whole area

Question 12

Why is random sampling used

Answer 12

It’s importable to count every individual in a species

Question 13

Species richness

Answer 13

The number of unique species that are present

Question 14

Abundance

Answer 14

in group

The number of individuals present in each group relative to the total number of individuals

—————-
Total #

Question 15

Reasons for fruit seed count

Answer 15

Some have lots of seeds to produce more offspring, some have one they that out more energy into growing/protecting (different types of selection)

Question 16

Definition of a population

Answer 16

A group of organisms of the same species living in a given area at the same time

Question 17

Carrying capacity

Answer 17

The maximum size a population can reach before the environment can no longer support it

Question 18

Exponential growth curve

Answer 18

Unlimited space/resources, population increases every generation

Question 19

Logistic growth

Answer 19

Population size limited by resources/space, growth slows once carrying capacity is reached

Question 20

Density dependent limiting factors

Answer 20

Caused by/related to living organisms, ex high population in one area causes competition for access to food/water

Question 21

Density independent limiting factors

Answer 21

Usually abiotic, caused by factors on physical environment, not affected by population density, ex hurricane that kills organisms

Question 22

Intraspecific competition

Answer 22

Occurs between members of same species ex competition for a mate or rrsources

Question 23

Interspecific conpetition

Answer 23

Occurs between members of different species ex competition for prey or sunlight/water (in plants)

Question 24

How can predator-prey relationships cause fluctuations in population size

Answer 24

More predators - less prey
More prey - predators increase
Less prey - predators decrease

Question 25

What kind of growth is the human population experiencing

Answer 25

Exponential, but expected to slow