Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Year 9 WCC Exam Revision > Science - Diseases > Flashcards

Science - Diseases Flashcards

1
Q

Pathogen

A

An organism that causes disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Disease

A

Something that prevents the body or a part of the body from working properly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Bacteria

A

Bacteria are microscopic and unicellular organisms. Some species are pathogenic while others aren’t

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Examples of uses of non pathogenic bacteria

A
  • Decomposition
  • Nitrogen fixation
  • Medicine production
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Examples of Bacterial diseases

A
  • Tetanus
  • Gastroenteritis
  • Typhoid Fever
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

How does a Tetanus infection occur?

A

C. tetani bacteria enter the body through puncture wounds from rusty metal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Symptoms of Tetanus

A
  • All muscles in body stiffening (Lockjaw)
  • Muscle spasms
  • Respiratory failure
  • Heart attack
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

How does Gastroenteritis occur

A

S. enteritis bacteria enter the body through eating bad food / not washing your hands before eating food

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Symptoms of Gastroenteritis

A
  • Fever
  • Headaches
  • Vomiting
  • Diarrhoea
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Vomiting and Diarrhoea cause _________

A

Dehydration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Symptoms of typhoid fever

A
  • Fever
  • Rash
  • Diarrhoea
  • Cough
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Viruses

A

Viruses are pathogens that are 1/100 the size of bacteria. Viruses invade a host cell which they manipulate into producing more viruses. They do not use nutrients from the environment or produce waste.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Examples of viral diseases

A
  • Colds
  • Flu
  • Measles
  • Polio
  • Chicken pox
  • Ebola
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

A cold is caused by what viral pathogen?

A

Rhinoviruses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Symptoms of flu

A

High fever and body aches

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

The flu is caused by what viral pathogen?

A

Influenza types A, B and C

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Symptoms of Measles

A
  • Red rash
  • Fever
  • Dry cough
  • Runny nose
  • Possible complication: inflammation of the brain
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Symptoms of Chicken Pox

A
  • Itchy red blisters
  • Runny nose
  • Fever
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Examples of Vaccines included in the Childhood Australian immunization program

A
  • Measles

* Chicken Pox

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Function of Antibiotics on Bacterial infections

A

Antibiotics kill bacteria by targeting cell walls and metabolic pathways

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Function of Antibiotics on Viral infections

A

Viruses aren’t affected by antibiotics as they don’t have cell walls or metabolic pathways

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Antibiotic resistance

A

Antibiotic resistance occurs when the non-antibiotic-resistant bacteria are killed, and the mutated, antibiotic-resistant bacteria are given space to multiply.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Infectious disease

A

A disease that is caused by a pathogen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

First line of defence

A

Non-specific barriers to prevent the pathogen from entering the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Types of Pathogens

A
  • Virus
  • Bacteria
  • Parasite
  • Fungus
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Examples of First line of defence

A
  • Skin
  • Tears
  • Saliva
  • Mucus
  • Stomach acid
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Second line of defence

A

Non-specific cellular responses to try and kill pathogens

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Examples of the second of line of defence

A
  • Inflammation

* Neutrophils and Macrophages

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Inflammation

A

Where cells release histamines to increase blood flow to the area, making it appear red and swollen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Neutrophils and Macrophages

A

Non-specific specialized white blood cells that engulf bacteria and turn into pus when they die

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Third line of defence

A

Pathogen-specific cellular responses that involve lymphocytes, antibodies and memory cells.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Antibody

A

Pathogen-specific proteins that are produced by lymphocytes that target specific pathogens and clumps them together.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Memory cells

A

Memory cells “remember” how to make antibodies from previous infections, making you (temporarily) immune from those infections.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Vaccines

A

Substances that cause the body to develop an immunity artificially to a certain pathogen without actually exposing you to the active pathogen. They may be made of dead or inactive pathogens and their proteins.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Disease that is extinct due to vaccination

A

Smallpox

36
Q

Disease that is nearly extinct due to vaccination

A

Polio

37
Q

Quarantine

A

Isolation to prevent the spread of disease

38
Q

Ways to prevent the spread of a contagious disease

A
  • Cover your mouth when coughing and sneezing
  • Hand washing
  • Wearing masks
  • Using hand sanitiser frequently
  • Quarantine
39
Q

Why is immunity to influenza not as effective as other infections?

A

Because the virus strain mutates every year

40
Q

Antiviral Drugs

A

Prevents viruses from reproducing inside a host cell

41
Q

Parasite

A

An organism that lives on or inside a host organism. They feed off the host organism and often cause disease in the process.

42
Q

Examples of parasitic diseases

A
  • Malaria

* Amoebic Dysentery

43
Q

Vector

A

A living organism that transmits an infectious agent from an infected animal or human to another animal or human

44
Q

Malaria

A

A disease caused by a parasite called Plasmodium that is spread by mosquitoes.

45
Q

Malaria symptoms

A
  • Fever
  • Headache
  • Fatigue
  • Nausea
46
Q

Prevention of Malaria

A
  • Mosquito repellent
  • Mosquito netting
  • Removing free standing water
  • Anti-malarial drugs
47
Q

What is Amoebic dysentery?

A

Parasitic disease caused by drinking water contaminated with pathogenic amoebae

48
Q

Symptoms of Amoebic Dysentery

A
  • Bloody stool
  • Diarrhoea
  • Fever
49
Q

Fungi reproduction method

A

Spreading spores

50
Q

Examples of Fungal diseases

A
  • Tinea

* Thrush

51
Q

Tinea

A

Fungal infection that makes itchy, red ring-shaped marks and feeds on dead skin

52
Q

What is Thrush?

A

A fungal disease caused by naturally occurring fungi in the body when other microbes die out.

53
Q

Environmental disease

A

Disease that is not caused by a pathogen and is not infectious

54
Q

Examples of environmental diseases caused by under-nutrition

A
  • Kwashiorkor
  • Scurvy
  • Rickets
55
Q

Symptoms of Kwashiorkor

A
  • Pot-belly
  • Hair loss
  • Swollen legs
  • Lack of energy
56
Q

Cause of Kwashiorkor

A

Lack of protein

57
Q

Symptoms of Scurvy

A
  • Bleeding gums
  • Teeth falling out
  • Sore joints
  • Reduced healing time
58
Q

Cause of Scurvy

A

Lack of Vitamin C

59
Q

Symptoms of Rickets

A

Rubbery bones that bend under the weight of the body results in bow legs

60
Q

Cause of Rickets

A

Lack of Vitamin D - made worse with a lack of Calcium

61
Q

Examples of environmental diseases caused by over-nutrition

A
  • High blood pressure
  • Diabetes (Type 2)
  • Obesity
62
Q

Health risks associated with high blood pressure

A
  • Heart attack
  • Stroke
  • Kidney Faliure
63
Q

Cause of high blood pressure

A

Excess salt

64
Q

Cause of type 1 diabetes

A

The immune system attacks the Beta cells of the pancreas, preventing insulin production. Type 1 Diabetes is genetic.

65
Q

Management of type 1 diabetes

A
  • Regular blood tests

* Insulin injections

66
Q

Cause of type 2 diabetes

A

A poor diet (too much sugar) and little exercise leads to a resistance to insulin

67
Q

Management of type 2 diabetes

A

Early stages:
Improving diet and exercise
Late stages:
Insulin injections

68
Q

What is BMI?

A

A rough measure to estimate obesity. Stands for Body Mass Index.

69
Q

Flaws with BMI

A

BMI does not consider muscle mass or bone density and is not accurate for children

70
Q

Asbestosis

A

Chronic lung disease caused by inhaling asbestos

71
Q

Symptoms of Asbestosis

A
  • Persistent cough
  • Shortness of breath
  • Blue colouration of lips
72
Q

Mesothelioma

A

Group of cancers caused by asbestos exposure 30 - 40 years after exposure

73
Q

BMI Formula

A

Mass(kg)/Height(m)^2

74
Q

Ways to combat viruses

A
  • Vaccines
  • Antiviral drugs
  • Nanomedicine
75
Q

Viruses are difficult to treat as they ______

A

Mutate often

76
Q

Asbestos

A

Building material with small fibres

77
Q

Immunosuppression

A

When someone’s immune system is weakened

78
Q

Zone of inhibition

A

The area surrounding a paper disk with no microbial growth in an experiment about microbial growth

79
Q

Larger zone of inhibition

A

More effective antimicrobial

80
Q

Safety considerations when working with microbial experiments

A
  • Wash hands with soap and water after touching agar plates to avoid infection
  • Wear gloves when handling bacteria to avoid infection
81
Q

Contagious disease

A

A disease that can be spread person to person

82
Q

Examples of childhood diseases

A
  • Chicken pox
  • Measles
  • Whooping cough
83
Q

Causes of heart disease

A
  • High blood pressure
  • Diabetes
  • Smoking
  • Obesity
84
Q

Symptons of Thrush

A

itchy white and uncomfortable patches

85
Q

Symptons of Tinea

A

Inflammation, itching, skin turns red with an appearance of a red ring.

Year 9 WCC Exam Revision (14 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions