Science - Chemistry Flashcards
Characteristics of Metals
- Malleable
- Ductile
- Lustrous
- Good conductor of heat
- Good conductor of electricity
Characteristics of Non-Metals
- Brittle
- Dull
- Poor conductor of heat
- Poor conductor of electricity
Characteristics of Metalloids
- Brittle
- Lustrous
- Semiconductors of electricity
An element is a:
A substance that is made of only one type of atom
A compound is a:
A substance that is made of two or more different elements bonded together
An atom is a:
The smallest part of an element
A molecule is a:
Two or more atoms bonded together
A lattice is a:
An ongoing repeating pattern of atoms bonded together
A mixture is:
Two or more elements that are not bonded together, can be seperated
A solution is a:
A solute dissolved in a solvent (e.g. salt(solute) dissolved in water(solvent))
An alloy is:
A metal mixed with another substance
The big number before a chemical formula means:
The quantity of that molecule
Physical change
When the molecules don’t change and the bonds do not break. No new molecules are formed.
Chemical change
When the molecules have their bond broken and may reform with other atoms, forming new substances. The atoms are rearranged.
A proton has a charge of
+1
A neutron has a charge of
0 (neutral)
An electron has a charge of
-1
A proton has a relative mass of
1
A neutron has a relative mass of
1
An electron has a relative mass of
(negligible),0
Which particles make up the nucleus
Protons and Neutrons
Which particles make up the shells
Electrons
The atomic number is the _____ number on the periodic table
Numerically smaller
The Atomic mass is the ____ number on the periodic table
Numerically larger
How do you find the number of Protons an element has？
You look at the atomic number
How do you find the amount of neutrons an element has?
You take the atomic mass and subtract the atomic number from it
How do you find the amount of electrons an element has?
For an atom, its the same as the protons
Why do some atomic symbols use letters that don’t match up with their names?
Because the symbols are derived from other languages
Where are metals located on the periodic table?
Left of the dividing line
Where are non-metals located on the periodic table?
Right of the dividing line
Where are the metalloids located on the periodic table?
On either side of the dividing line
A group on the periodic table is a:
Column
A period on the periodic table is a:
Row
What is an isotope?
An atom with extra, less, or the same neutrons than normal
An isotype is written as:
(Element name)-(atomic mass)(eg carbon-15)
Unstable atoms emit ____ and ____ over time
Radiation and decay
Changing the amount of electrons an atom has results in a differed ____
Ion
Capacity of the first 4 electron shells:
2,8,8,18
Valence electrons are electrons in the ______
Outermost/Valence shell
The Valence shell is the _____shell
Outermost
How do you write an electron configuration
(Shell 1),(Shell 2),(Shell 3)(etc…)
How do you find the charge of an ion using the periodic table
Count how many electrons it needs to lose/gain to achieve a full valence shell.
A cation
A positively charged Ion
An anion
A negatively charged ion
How to write the chemical formula for an ion
(Element name)+⁽ᶜʰᵃʳᵍᵉ⁾
What’s the difference between an atom and an ion?
An atom has a neutral charge while an ion doesn’t.
An ionic bond is formed between _____
A metal and a non-metal
How is an ionic bond formed
When an atom transfers electrons to another atom to gain a full outer shell
How to find the amounts of atoms in an ionic bond
Count how many of each atom is required to make an overall neutral charge
How to name an ionic compound
(Metal)+(non-metal)-ide
A covalent bond is formed between __________
Two or more non-metals
How does a covalent bond work?
The atoms “share” electrons to create full valence shells
What are three differences between covalent and ionic bonds
- An ionic bond involves the transfer of electrons while a covalent bond involves the sharing of electrons
- An ionic bond is between a metal and a non-metal while a covalent bond is between two non-metals
- An Ionic bond creates ions while a covalent bond doesn’t
What is a polyatomic ion
When a covalently bonded molecule creates an ionic bond with another atom to achieve a full valence shell
What is metallic bonding
Where atoms of the same metal element lose their outer electrons to make a sea of delocalised electrons
Why are metals good conductors of electricity?
Because the electrons are no longer bound, they can be forced to move, creating a current.
Why are metals Malleable and Ductile?
The free moving electrons can slide when pressure is applied.
Where Alkali metals are located?
In the Leftmost group (group 1) of the Periodic table
Where are Alkali Earth Metals located?
In the second leftmost Group (group 2) on the periodic table
Where are the Halogens located?
In the second rightmost group (group 17) of the periodic table
Where are the noble gasses located?
In the very rightmost group (group 18) on the periodic table
Which groups are the most reactive and why
Alkali metals, Alkali earth metals and Halogens. They are the most reactive because they are so close to having a full valence shell
Which group doesn’t react and why
Noble gasses because they already have a full valence shell
