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Year 9 WCC Exam Revision > History - Australian History > Flashcards

History - Australian History Flashcards

1
Q

New South Wales

A

1788, Penal colony

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2
Q

Van Diemen’s Land

A

1803, Penal colony

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3
Q

Queensland

A

1824, Penal colony

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4
Q

Western Australia

A

1826, Scared of French people

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5
Q

Port Phillip District

A

1803, Administrative district of New South Wales

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6
Q

South Australia

A

1836, Free colony

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7
Q

Alluvial gold

A

Gold found near the surface or in creeks and rivers

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8
Q

Assisted migrants

A

Migrants that had their passage to Australia subsidised by the government

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9
Q

Constitution

A

The set of laws that defines how Australia is governed

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10
Q

Convict

A

Someone who is imprisoned because of a crime

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11
Q

Deep reef gold

A

Gold found in its original rock host

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12
Q

Dispossesion

A

The act of depriving someone of their possessions

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13
Q

Federation

A

The process of separate colonies joining together to form a united nation

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14
Q

First Fleet

A

The first 11 ships carrying convicts that left Britain in 1787 and came to establish a penal colony in New South Wales

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15
Q

Free settlers

A

People who willingly came to Australia to live there

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16
Q

Nationalism

A

A sense of pride or love of one’s country or a sense of unity, being a country

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17
Q

Penal colony

A

A colony set up to primarily receive and contain prisoners from another country

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18
Q

Second fleet

A

The 6 ships carrying convicts, free settlers, and supplies that arrived in 1789

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19
Q

Terra nullius

A

A Latin term meaning ‘land belonging to no one’ or ‘empty land’

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20
Q

James Cook

A

He was ordered in 1768 to sail to New Holland to investigate the plants and animals that he found there. In 1770, he claimed and mapped the eastern coast in the name of Britain.

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21
Q

Arthur Phillip

A

Commander of the First Fleet that came in 1788 to establish a colony in Sydney cove named New South Wales.

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22
Q

Henry Parkes

A

Former premier of New South Wales that tirelessly campaigned for a United Australia. Known as the “Father of Federation”

23
Q

Alfred Deakin

A

Australia’s second prime minister who argued in support of the immigration restriction act

24
Q

Immigration Restriction Act

A

Piece of law that severely limited immigration. Designed to prevent Asian immigration. An immigration office could choose to administer a dictation test any any European language.

25
Q

John Feltham Archibald

A

Established “The Bulletin” magazine that was read all around Australia and known as the “Bushman’s Bible”. This magazine supported Federation and a white Australia.

26
Q

Living conditions for the poor in Australia

A

Overcrowded cottages with little to no insulation and utilites

27
Q

Living conditions for the rich in Australia

A

Large homes with well tended gardens and servants

28
Q

Positive working conditions in Australia

A
  • A minimum wage
  • 8 hours of work on weekdays and 4 hours on Saturdays
  • Pension if age > 65
29
Q

Negative working conditions in Australia

A
  • Poorly ventilated, overcrowded factories that were extremely hot in the summer and cold and damp in the winter.
  • Unsafe equipment, injuries were common
30
Q

Education for children from wealthy families

A

Children from wealthy families were sent to private schools

31
Q

Education for children from poorer families in Australia

A

All children aged between 6 and 13 get free schooling at government schools.

32
Q

Rail transport in Australia around the time of federation

A

Entirety of Australia was connected by rail but the rail gauge varied by state

33
Q

Technology after federation

A

First cars and plane flights from Europe in the 1920s

34
Q

Ongoing impact of British settlement on the aboriginal people

A
  • Replacing traditional aboriginal peoples culture and practices with British culture
  • Polluting their environment
  • Forcing Aboriginal people to learn English
  • Industrialising sacred Aboriginal territory
35
Q

Initial Impacts of British settlement on the indigenous people of Australia

A
  • Introduced animals that ate native plants
  • Indigenous people were killed by diseases that they had little to no immunity to
  • Captain Phillip abducted Indigenous people to attempt to teach them English
  • Kangaroos were shot, leaving less for the Indigenous people to use for clothing and food
  • 90% death rate for Indigenous people around Botany bay three years after the arrival
  • Decreasing birth rates due to Indigenous people contracting STDs, rendering them infertile
  • Children were taken from their parents to grow up in white families
36
Q

Reasons for a White Australia

A
  • Immigrants could accept cheaper wages and drive down wages
  • Immigrants could produce goods at low prices and bring down the price of the good
  • Fears that immigrants could take Australian women
  • A sense of racial purity in Australia
  • Fear that immigrants could introduce illicit drugs (such as opium) into Australia
  • Fear that Australia could be overrun by immigrants
37
Q

Reasons against a White Australia

A
  • It’s racist
  • More immigrants means more workers in areas with skill shortages.
  • Racial diversity leads to more diversity in the work
38
Q

Chinese immigrants - How many, why, when, what challenges did they face

A

~50,000 Chinese people came to Australia in the 1850s to mine for gold. They faced harsh anti-Chinese legislation and the Lambing Flat Riots

39
Q

Lambing Flat Riots

A

Series of attacks on Chinese miners over 10 months by British miners

40
Q

Afghan immigrants - How many, why, when, what challenges did they face

A

~2,000 to 4,000 “cameleers” came to Australia in the 1830s to aid in exploring Australia’s interior. They faced heavy discrimination due to being Muslim

41
Q

South Pacific Islander immigrants - How many, why, when, what challenges did they face

A

~50,000 South Pacific Islanders came to Australia in the 1860s to harvest sugar cane. They faced very bad working conditions, bordering on slavery.

42
Q

Japanese immigrants - How many, why, when, what challenges did they face

A

~6,000 Japanese came to Australia in the 1880s to dive for pearls. They faced dangers of decompression sickness and shark attacks

43
Q

Invalid and Old-Age Pensions Act 1908

A

The government gave a pension to sick, disabled and elderly people

44
Q

Examples of progressive legislation

A
  • Commonwealth Franchise Act 1902
  • Harvester Judgement 1907
  • Invalid and Old-Age Pensions Act 1908
  • Maternity Allowances Act 1912
45
Q

Commonwealth Franchise Act 1902

A

Allowed white women aged over 21 to vote

46
Q

Maternity Allowances Act 1912

A

Government paid white mothers £5 per child.

47
Q

Harvester Judgment 1907

A

Introduced a minimum wage of 7 shillings a day

48
Q

Racism in the Australian constitution

A

Aboriginal people were not to be included in the census

49
Q

Identity of Europeans that first arrived in Australia

A
  • Culture and customs were all very British as the migrants longed for home.
  • Cricket
  • Horse racing
50
Q

Identity of Australians a few generations after arriving in Australia

A
  • British customs and practices were being altered to suit the physical and social conditions of Australia
  • Verandahs were added to houses
  • Clothing became lighter and less fussy
  • Aussie slang developed
  • Accent changed
  • Diet starts to change due to a change in available produce
51
Q

Identity of Australians around the time of federation

A
  • Australian Rules Football
  • Melbourne Cup
  • The egalitarian spirit
52
Q

Reasons for Federation

A
  • Stronger defence force
  • Australians save money by not having to pay tariffs when doing business across colonial borders
  • No tariffs allows for more businesses to expand across borders
  • Sense of unity amongst Australians
  • 1890’s Depression
53
Q

Reasons against Federation

A
  • Governments lose the money from import/export tariffs
  • Victoria and New South Wales had to support the smaller colonies; they thought this would be a burden to them
  • Expensive to achieve and maintain
  • The colonies had different views on what laws should be allowed

Year 9 WCC Exam Revision (14 decks)

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