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SCHOOL > Science - Chemistry Pt.2 > Flashcards

Science - Chemistry Pt.2 Flashcards

1
Q

exceptions in acid

A 
H3PO4 = phosphoric acid
H3PO3 = phosphorous acid
H2SO4 = sulfuric acid
H2SO3 = sulfurious acid
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2
Q

factors influencing the rate of chemical reaction

A
  • concentration
  • surface area
  • temperature
  • catalyst
  • type of reactant/ nature of reaction
  • pressure
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3
Q

concentration

A

greater the concentration, more likely molecules to collide.
* for a solid and pure liquids, their concentrations doesn’t change

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4
Q

surface area

A

heterogeneous reaction (one between matters of different phases), greater contact area between 2 matters, more frequent the collsision

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5
Q

temperatuer

A

greater the temp, higher the average kinetic energy pressed by the reactant molecules.
- energy required to overcome activational energy

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6
Q

catalyst

A

substance which accelerates a chemical reaction

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7
Q

pressure

A

more squished together, closer together

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8
Q

other complex compounds

A 
CH4 = methane
CH3CH2OH = ethanol
NH3 = ammonia
NH4 = ammonium
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9
Q

acid + metal =>

A

salt + hydrogen

eg. 2 HCl + Mg > MgCl2 = H2

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10
Q

acid + base (neutralisation) =>

A

salt + water

eg. HCl + NaOH > NaCl + H2O

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11
Q

acid + carbonate =>

A

salt + carbon dioxide + water

eg. H2SO4 + Na2CO3 > Na2SO4 + H2CO3

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12
Q

metal + oxygen =>

A

metal oxide

eg. 2 Fe + O2 > 2 FeO

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13
Q

acid + metal oxide =>

A

salt + water

HCl + NaOH > NaCl + H2O

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14
Q

precipitation reaction

A

occur when cations and anions in aqueous solution combine to form an insoluble ionic solid called a precipitate
(partner swap)
- help determine the presence of various ions in solution.

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15
Q

synthesis

A

combining 2 or more reactants into 1 (or more) products (s)
> more reactants from products
2 H2 + O2 = 2 H2O
A + B = AB

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16
Q

decomposition reaction

A

a single compound breaks apart into two or more elements or compounds (component elements).
- Usually energy is required to make this happen.
- less reactants, mroe products
SO2 = S + O2
AB = A + B

17
Q

valency

A

8 - how many electrons in the outer shell

18
Q

electron configuration

A

representation of the arrangement of electrons distributed among the orbital shells and subshells.

19
Q

diatomic molecules

A

H2 ave N2 o F2 ear O2 f I2 ce Cl2 old B2 eer

have no fear of ice cold beer

20
Q

balanced equations

A

in order to satisfy the law of conservation of matter, which states that in a closed system matter is neither created nor destroyed.

21
Q

test for oxygen

A

glowing splint and place it in a sample of gas, if it re-ignites the gas is oxygen.

22
Q

test of carbon dioxode

A

Light a splint, which is a long, thin strip of wood. Insert the lit splint into the tube with the gas. If carbon dioxide is in the tube, the flame will go out.

-When carbon dioxide is run through lime water, the water turns cloudy. This is because the water is a solution of calcium hydroxide, and when it reacts with carbon dioxide, a solid precipitate of calcium carbonate forms.

23
Q

factors affecting corrosion

A
  • More the reactivity of metal
  • Presence of electrolytes (Oxygen) in water
  • Presence of in natural water
  • rise in temperature
  • coated with layers of metals more active
  • Humidity
24
Q

factors affecting rusting

A

-Iron, Oxygen and Water (air moisture) combine
-can be accelerated when Iron is subjected to nature’s minerals, chemicals and temperature fluctuations.
-Any other form of acid
and corrosion stuff

25
Q

energy levels

A

The electrons surrounding an atom are located in regions around the nucleus called “energy levels”.
represents the 3-dimensional space surrounding the nucleus where electrons are most likely to be.
-Each energy level is labeled with the quantum number n (n=1, 2, 3,…)

26
Q

combining power of an element

A

the valency of the element

27
Q

positive ions forms when

A

Metal atoms lose the electron, or electrons, in their highest energy level and become positively charged ions.

28
Q

Anion

A

Non-metal atoms gain an electron, or electrons, from another atom to become negatively charged ions.

29
Q

which one wants to lost and which wants to lose electrons

A 
metal = wants to lost
gas/nonmetal = wants to gain
30
Q

base

A

slippery to touch and solvent in water

  • potential for accepting rather than releasing hydrogen ions.
  • accept a hydrogen ion (H+) from another substance
31
Q

acids

A

form aqueous solutions with a sour taste and solvent in water
- defined as a compound (ion/molecule) that gives hydronium ions to another compound

SCHOOL (19 decks)

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