Geography pt.2 - urban growth and decline Flashcards
urban renewal
the redevelopment of an urban area
urban sprawl
the continuous and often unplanned outward growth of an urban area
urban decay
the deterioration of the built environment - falls into a state of despair and building left empty for long periods of time
urban consolidation
policies that encourage higher population densities in established suburban areas usually through planning regulations - allowing more dwelling units on a given area of land such as division or strata title
surburbanisation
the movement of people, employment and facilities away from the inner city towards outer urban areas
exburbanisation
process where people usually those who are affluent move from city to rural areas but contribute to maintain an urban way of life through long assistance commuting
gentrification
renewal of inner city residential precincts. dilapidated homes are purchased, refurbished and occupied by middle and high income earners
spatial exclusion
protection of luxury lifestyles, which has resulted in restrictions in spatial access and freedom of movement to other urban dwellers
cause, impact and dis/advantages of urban renewal
CAUSE
- demand for more housing and infrastructure close of the CBD (changing social values toward living in the city)
- developers identify this opportunity to make profit
IMPACT
- removal of maritime and historical buildings
ADVANTAGES - more populated = spending - benefit the economy - tourist attraction - efficiency to CBD and transport DISADVANTAGES - degrading of historical precincts - housing prices - natural environment issues
cause, impact and dis/advantages of urban decay
CAUSE
- people moving out of the city-increased desirability of living in the suburbs
- high land prices push industry out of city centre in search of cheaper
- improved technologies enable industry to move
IMPACT
- affects city’s economy and tourism level
ADVANTAGES - opportunities for development DISADVANTAGES - drop in tourism - decreased desirability to live there - high unemployment
cause, impact and dis/advantages of gentrification
CAUSE
- developers - increased demand for inner city precinct and opportunity for profit
- increased opportunities to capitalise on tourism and entertainment
IMPACT
- affect natural environments
- more government spending
ADVANTAGES - boosts economy - job opportunities - profit for developers - increase in tourism and entertainment DISADVANTAGES - more population - housing prices - damage the natural environement
air quality
- australias air quality is good but could be better
- air pollution is a major issue for australian cities
> not caused by industry but by cars
land and water management
- driest inhabited continent on earth
- communities face issues of water quantity and quality
- salinity, soil erosion and desertification are all geographical processes that are acting to destroy productive cropland
> old soils - not replenished by eg. volcanic activity, not good for growing stuff
spatial inequality
- defined as the uneven distribution of resources and different standard of living
- investigates the differences that exist in relation to access of resources and services between different areas of AU
EXAMPLES INCLUDE: - type and quantity of housing in an area
- income levels
- access to school and institutions
- quality of health services
- availability of employment opportunities
urban growth and decline
- AU highly urbanised country with 85% living in cities and large towns
- urban growth is process which the proportion of a countries population in urban areas increase
- urban decline occurs when land use in a part of the city declines where it had previously flourished, leaving behind derelict buildings and vacant sites
