Geography pt.3 - australia and regional and global contexts

Question 1

how is aid delivered

Answer 1

• Australians value a fair go for all and so help people in need by contributing money, goods, personal time and knowledge.
• To promote Australia’s national interest by promoting prosperity, poverty and enhancing stability by strengthening private sector development and enabling human development:
  >Strengthen ties
  >Strengthens foreign policies
  >Need to build relationships before trade (learning customs, how the country operates)

Question 2

Bilateral aid

Answer 2

• Aid given from the government of one country to the government of another country for long term development.
• Australia works through the country’s on systems, helping to strengthen policy and programming as well as delivering aid

Question 3

Multilateral aid

Answer 3

• Aid given by the governments of many countries to international organizations such as the united nations, specifically its world food programme, the world bank and the Asian development ban for large scale projects. - - This form of delivery helps Australia benefit from he organizations specialist expertise and extends its reach and impact.

Question 4

Emergency humanitarian relief

Answer 4

• Material and logistic assistance to people in need.
• Aid ad action designed to save lives, suffering and protect human dignity after an aftermath such as a natural disaster, terrorist attack etc.
• Usually short tem until long term help by government and other institutions replace it.
• By providing aid to those in need it creates a relationship that allows countries to help each other.

Question 5

Partnerships with non government organization (NGOs)

Answer 5

Provided funds to accredited NGOs to deliver their effort and programs that address Australia’s aid priorities.

Question 6

Community involvement

Answer 6

Engagement with Australian business, volunteer and academic research to better inform and strengthen programs.

Question 7

How much aid does Australia give?

Answer 7

• Provided $5 billion in ODA (official development assistance in 2014-115)
• This is 0.29% of the GNI (gross national income)
• Mainly to indo-pacific region
• But also to Africa and South Asia

Question 8

Which countries receive Australian aid?

Answer 8

• Mainly Indo-Pacific region
• But also to Africa and South Africa
• Where other developed nations have primary responsibly are being phased out (e.g. Latin America) or scaled back (e.g. sub-Saharan Africa)
• Indonesia, papa new guinea, Afghanistan, Philippines, - Vietnam, Solomon islands, Timor –Leste, Pakistan. Bangladesh, Burma (top 10 countries for Australian Government Aid in 2014-15)

Question 9

what makes aid effective?

Answer 9

• Depends on partnership between donors and recipients
• Donors need to deliver sufficient + predictable aid without unrealistic conditions e.g. multiple forms of reporting or being ties to purchases from the donor countries
• Recipients need good governance to be able to address corruption + adopt policies that sustain economic growth and improve human development
• Program much adapt to circumstances of each country

Question 10

FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE THE EFFECTIVENESS OF AID ARE:

Answer 10

• Sound + stable policy framework
• An emphasis on social development
• Enhanced participation by the local population, particularly by women – communities able to evolve and be independent (skills + opportunities that can be taught)

Question 11

How does the Australian community support overseas aid?

Answer 11

• 2011-12 1.9 million Australians contributed a total of %871 million to NGOs for their overseas programs through regular and one-off donations, fundraisers and bequests
• $1.2 million Australian were regular donors supporting child sponsorship or other regular donor programs
• 45 751 volunteers contributed their time to work of NGOs
• 739 Australians were volunteering overseas with NGOs
• We are well off- larger income- can afford to gove more
• Multicultural country- more likely to relate and give money

Question 12

what is trade

Answer 12

the act of selling and buying goods and services

Question 13

competitive advantage

Answer 13

favourable position an organisation seeks in order to be more profitable than its competitors

Question 14

australia’s role in the asia pacific region

Answer 14

.- political and economical sustainability are able to provide for other countries

• 60% of australia’s exports go to asia
• APEC - promote economic growth and stability in low income countries
• ANZCERTA - eliminate trade barriers - develop economic relations

Question 15

australia’s migration

Answer 15

• 5million in 15 years
• ranked 3rd in population growth in 2015
• more than 1/4 are born overseas