Geography pt.1 - coastal processes and management

Question 1

why is geography important

Answer 1

notifies us about the connections between the natural and human environment and how we can improve the environment we live in
- provide knowledge about environment around us so we can be aware of issues and preserve environment

Question 2

geographical issues….

Answer 2

affect the human and natural environment

• climate change
• deforestation
• mining
• pollution
• erosion
• extinction of species
• overfishing/ whaling

Question 3

spatial dimension

Answer 3

why and where things are
eg. urban consolidation occurring in wollongong because people want to access stuff and live there
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erosion is occurring in north gong beach because human interaction is impeding and replenishment

Question 4

ecological dimension

Answer 4

describes the relationship between people and the environment and the effects they have
eg. building on a floodplain can create runoff flooding which in turn impacts upon us
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runoff from urban areas can have negative impacts on waterways - bad for environment and us

Question 5

management of issues include…

Answer 5

• sustainability
• social justice
• equity

Question 6

sustainability

Answer 6

using resources that are renewable and aren’t depleted for use in future generations & causing minimal damage to the environment

Question 7

social justice

Answer 7

the fair treatment and equal rights of each individual or groups in society

Question 8

equity

Answer 8

ensuring that every individual has an even share

Question 9

sinkholes

Answer 9

eg. rainbow beach queensland (200m wide_
- cavity in the ground
- caused by water erosion (spatial)
- can be caused by raptured pipes
- can damage human industrialisation (ecological)

Question 10

zika virus

Answer 10

eg. brazil > spread to america, south pacific, africa
- mosquito borne
- only affect unborn babies that affects growth and lifespan
- mild symptoms
- causes microphilani

Question 11

australia’s coasts

Answer 11

• 37000km of coastline
• 11000 beaches and unique landforms
• under stress from natural processes (cyclones, storm surges)
• wetlands and dunes cleared for human development
• understanding processes and impacts will lead to informed, sustainable and equitable management strategies

Question 12

why do coasts need to be managed

Answer 12

• increase in coastal population
• tourism
• industrialisation increase
• prefer to live on coast
• easy accessibility due to population
• contribute to au economy

Question 13

what is the coast

Answer 13

• coastal zone contains coastal hinterland and inner continental shelf and every in between (beaches & estuaries)
• interface where ocean meets the land
  eg. many different environments within coastal zones - mountain ranges, flood plains, rivers/lakes, rain forests, wetlands, coral, beaches

Question 14

coastal landforms

Answer 14

• formed by erosion and deposition
• caused by erosion are cliffs, rock platforms, headlands, bays, caves, blowholes, arches & stacks
• places sheltered from strong winds and waves sediments are deposited to form beaches, spits, tombolas, dunes, estuaries and lagoons

Question 15

coastal sand dune formation

Answer 15

• formed by wind when dry sand is blown to the back of the beach and trapped
• trapped by grass (spinifex) in the foredunes
• over time vegetation will grow and stabilise back dunes

Question 16

waves formation

Answer 16

• formed by wind blowing over the ocean
• can originate thousands of km away from coast
• size of wave depends on:
  
  • wind speed
  • distance traveled by wind
  • duration of time wind blows

Question 17

constructive waves

Answer 17

• smaller and contain less energy

- carry sand and other material up the beach and deposit it there (beaches are formed)

Question 18

destructive waves

Answer 18

• weather is very windy and waves are large
• energy transferred to coast to erode rock and move sediment
• carry material to deep water in the backwash
• some harder rocks resist erosion

Question 19

storm surges

Answer 19

• build up of water in coastal zone by strong winds blowing from sea towards land
• cause severe erosion

Question 20

lagoon is formed when….

Answer 20

shallow basin near the shore gradually erodes, and the ocean seeps in between the sandbars or barrier islands

Question 21

estuaries are…

Answer 21

• waterways where the river meets the sea

- trap nutrient rich sediments

Question 22

longshore drift

Answer 22

• move sand and other material

Question 23

spit are formed…

Answer 23

• when sand is deposited

- formed when a sandbar closes an estuary

Question 24

headlands and arches are formed….

Answer 24

• further erosion and rock around it is eroded

- stacks show how coastline eroded over time

Question 25

dune blowouts occur when…

Answer 25

• waves are refracted towards a headland and release energy either side of it.
• caves are formed where weak rocks are eroded on each side of the headland

Question 26

environmental impact statement (EIS)

Answer 26

• show physical, social and economic impacts
• distributed and many perspectives are taken into account before approving coastal development (to ensure social, justice & equity)