Science - Biology Pt.2

Question 1

yeast cells reproduce by ….

hydra reproduce by…

Answer 1

budding

-new organism develops from an outgrowth or bud due to cell division at one particular site.

Question 2

bread mould…

Answer 2

spore production

• reproductive cells that must fuse in pairs in order to give rise to a new individual.
• usually haploid and unicellular and are produced by meiosis

Question 3

e.coli by…

Answer 3

binary fission
- an organism duplicates its genetic material, or deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), and then divides into two parts (cytokinesis), with each new organism receiving one copy of DNA.

Question 4

multiply plant growth by…

Answer 4

vegetative propagation

• form of asexual reproduction in plants. It is a process by which new organisms arise without production of seeds or spores.
• New plants grow from parts of the parent plant.

Question 5

piece of plant or animal is made into a new organism by…

Answer 5

regeneration

- renewal through the internal processes of a body or system.

Question 6

ovulation

Answer 6

mature ovarian follicle discharges an egg. egg travels down Fallopian tube where it might be met by a sperm and fertilised

Question 7

menstruation

Answer 7

body sheds the lining of the uterus when not fertilised.

menstrual blood flows from uterus, through cervix and passes through vagina

Question 8

fertilisation

Answer 8

process which an egg and sperm cell fuse together to form a zygote (development of a new individual organism)

Question 9

embryo

Answer 9

an unborn or unhatched offspring in the process of development

Question 10

gestation

Answer 10

the process or period of developing inside the womb between conception and birth.

Question 11

life first took form was….

Answer 11

protozoa

Question 12

organisms have how many cells?

Answer 12

1

Question 13

cilia

Answer 13

hairs covering cells which make movement possible

Question 14

low ph in vagina protects from..

Answer 14

infections and bacteria

Question 15

DNA is the …..

Answer 15

only subsance in the world which has capability to reproduce itself indentically

Question 16

how long is ovum susceptible to fertilisation?

Answer 16

24hrs

Question 17

how long can sperm survive?

Answer 17

5 days

Question 18

sperm production functions best at?

Answer 18

35 degrees

below normal body temperature

Question 19

where is sperm stored?

Answer 19

epididymus

Question 20

DNA bases

Answer 20

Adenine
Cytosine
Guanine
Thymine
- each word is called a codon, and codes for pieces of protein are called amino acids

Question 21

amino acids

Answer 21

join together in a chain to form a protein which determine something about you (genes, characteristic)

Question 22

mitosis stages

Answer 22

interphase
1. prophase
2. metaphase
3. anaphase
4. telophase
cytokinesis

Question 23

interphase

Answer 23

• replicates its DNA in preparation for mitosis.

- spends 90% of its time in interphase, 10% in mitosis

Question 24

prophase

Answer 24

• chromosomes are condensing due to full replication into double rod-shaped structures called chromosomes in which the chromatin becomes visible.
• the start of interphase (BEGINS)

Question 25

metaphase

Answer 25

• nucleas (edge) dissolves - disassembled
• chromesome pairs line up
  separates duplicated genetic material carried in the nucleus of a parent cell into two identical daughter cells.

Question 26

anaphase

Answer 26

• chromosomes move to the opposite sides of the cells
  -spindles (fiber) pulls chromosome to the end
  replicated chromosomes are split and the daughter chromatids are moved to opposite poles of the cell.

Question 27

telophase

Answer 27

• new nuclei form on the side surrounding chromosomes
• break apart
  The small nuclear vesicles in the cell begin to re-form around the group of chromosomes at each end.

Question 28

cytokinesis

Answer 28

• division of cytoplasm (pinching of cell into 2)

physical process - divides the cytoplasm of a parental cell into two daughter cells

Question 29

mitosis

Answer 29

• fertilised egg undergoes mitosis
• divides into 2 smaller identical cells
• same chemical code within their nucleus which are made of DNA

Question 30

meiosis

Answer 30

process where a single cell divides twice to produce four cells containing half the original amount of genetic information

• sperm and eggs (gametes) need to be formed by meiosis process
• forms gametes with 23 chromosomes (1 from each parent)
• occurs in the testes and ovaries

Question 31

meiosis differs from mitosis in which ways?

Answer 31

• divides twice (PMAT twice)
• not identical to each other (non-identical cells)
• 23 chromosomes (instead of 46)
• splits into 4 cells (instead of 2)

Question 32

homologous chromosomes

Answer 32

are a set of one maternal and one paternal chromosomes that pair up with each other inside a cell during meiosis.

• one from each parent
• about the same size
• contain the same types of genes in same location

Question 33

partial dominance

Answer 33

phenotype of the heterozygous phenotype is distinct from and often intermediate to the phenotypes of the homozygous phenotypes.
- eg red and white flower cross = pink offspring

Question 34

co dominance

Answer 34

occurs when the contributions of both alleles are visible in the phenotype.
- For example, in co-dominance, a red homozygous flower and a white homozygous flower will produce offspring that have red and white spots

Question 35

pedigree

Answer 35

table or chart recording a line of ancestors

- the record of descent of an animal, showing it to be pure-bred.

Question 36

hybrid

Answer 36

offspring that are the result of mating between two genetically different kinds of parents

Question 37

sexual (reproduction)

Answer 37

reproduction where two morphologically distinct types of specialized reproductive cells called gametes fuse together, involving a female’s large ovum (or egg) and a male’s smaller sperm.
- two individuals produce offspring with genetic traits from both parents