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Science > Science Chapter 8 > Flashcards

Science Chapter 8 Flashcards

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1
Q

What do you call a substance that reacts with oxygen to make burning reaction

A

fuel

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2
Q

What is burning

A

a chemical reaction in which a substance combines with oxygen.

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3
Q

Give examples of fuels

A

Charcoal,wood,coal,natural gas and oil

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4
Q

Describe what happens when fuel burns

A

the chemical energy is changed into thermal, light and sound energy.The energy dissipate(spread out) into the surroundings

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5
Q

What is another term for burning

A

Combustion

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6
Q

What do you call a chemical reaction in which energy to given out to surroundings

A

Exothermic reaction

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7
Q

which reaction is the combustion of hydrogen

A

Exothermic reaction

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8
Q

Hydrogen+ Oxygen =

A

Water

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9
Q

What is an example of the exothermic reaction of other substances burning in air

A

Magnesium-> oxygen + Magnesium oxide

Burning magnesium that creates magnesium oxide.

Energy is given out as heat and light as the magnesium and oxygen rearrange themselves

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10
Q

What is an oxidation reaction

A

any reaction in which a substance combines with oxygen

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11
Q

Potassium+water=

A

Potassium hydroxide+ hydrogen

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12
Q

What is formed when a substance burn and combines with oxygen

A

Oxide

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13
Q

what type of particles/atoms water is made up of

A

Hydrogen and oxygen

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14
Q

Magnesium+ hydrochloric acid=

A

magnesium chloride+ hydrogen

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14
Q

Explain what happens in the potassium and water reaction

A

The bond between the hydrogen and oxygen in the water break. the atoms rearrange to form potassium hydroxide and hydrogen. Stored chemical energy is changed to thermal energy, and dissipates into the environment

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14
Q

sodium hydrogencarbonate+ citric acid=

A

sodium citrate+water++carbon dioxide

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14
Q

Explain what is Endothermic reaction

A

When a chemical reaction absorb thermal energy from their surroundings and change it to chemical energy stored in chemical bonds.

When endothermic reaction takes place, the temperature at the end is lower than at the start of the reaction.

15
Q

What happens when sodium
sodium hydrogencarbonate+ citric acid= sodium citrate+water++carbon dioxide

A

Thermal energy is absorbed from the surroundings and stored in the form of chemical bonds, in the test tube, the surroundings will have a lower temperature and the test tube will feel cooler

16
Q

Explain how Ice melting is an Endothermic Process

A

Thermal energy is absorbed from the surroundings as the solid ice changes to liquid water.

As the particles absorb thermal energy from the surroundings, they vibrate more and more and the ice begins to melt.

17
Q

Explain the difference between Endothermic and Exothermic process

A

Exothermic process: thermal energy is given out

Endothermic process: thermal energy is taken in

18
Q

What are some examples of Metal Reaction with Water

A

Pottasium + water = Potassium hydroxide+ hydrogen

lithium+ water= lithium hydroxide+ hydrogen

Sodium+ water= sodium hydroxide+ hydrogen

19
Q

What is the general equation for the reaction of a metal with acid,water,oxygen

A

Metal + acid= metal salt + hydrogen

Metal+water= Metal hydroxide+ hydrogen

metal+ oxygen = Metal oxide + Metal Oxides

20
Q

What are Equations for reaction with hydrochloric

A

Magnesium+ hydrochloric acid= magnesium chloride+ hydrogen

aluminium + hydrogen acid= aluminium chloride+ hydrogen

zinc+ hydrochloric acid= Zinc chloride+ hydrogen

21
Q

What are the products of metal reacts with an acid

A

salt( metal chloride/metal sulfate/metal nitrate and hydrogen gas

22
Q

When a metal reacts with hydrochloric acid, the SALT produced is…

A

metal chloride

23
Q

When a metal reacts with sulfuric acid, the SALT produced is…

A

Metal sulfate

24
Q

When a metal reacts with nitric acid, the SALT produced is…

A

metal nitrate

25
Q

When do metals corrode

A

when they are left in contact with air or water

26
Q

What is it called when iron corrodes

A

it is called rusting

27
Q

What is Rusting?

A

Rusting is the oxidation reaction of iron with oxygen in the presence of water

28
Q

How fast does the most reactive metal corrode?

A

quickly

29
Q

How fast does the leastreactive metal corrode?

A

Slowly

30
Q

Iron + Oxygen=

A

Iron oxide

31
Q

People who live by the seaside often claims their car go rusty faster

Does the salt speed up the rate of rustling reaction?

A

Yes it does.

32
Q

1.Covered tube with dried air , nail and calcium chloride

  1. .Covered tube with air , nail and distilled water

3..Covered tube with layer of oil , nail and boiled water

4..Covered tube with air , nail and salt water

Explain the conditions of these nails after some time

A
  1. Does not rust

2.rust

  1. Does not rust

4.rusts quickly

33
Q

Methods to prevent things from rusting

A

1.Painting

2.Galvanishing

  1. Plastic Coating

4.Oiling

34
Q

2Ca(S)+ O2(g)=

A

2Cao(s)

35
Q

What happens when metal reacts with water?

A

The metal burns, a bright flame/spark is produced

36
Q

How do you know if the metal and water reaction stopped?

A

1.No more flames

2.Light turned to dark

37
Q

What is the chemical name for rusting

A

Iron Oxide

38
Q

What is the difference between an endothermic reaction and an endothermic process

A

Endothermic reaction is the change of a substance to a new one with different chemical identity meanwhile an endothermic process is the method of changing one or more chemicals. For example, ice is being heated and the particles evaporate into gas form.

Science (12 decks)

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