Science 1 Chapter 1 Flashcards
Ace Science
what is respiration
Respiration is a series of chemical reactions that happens inside every living cell
What kind of respiration usually happens in our cells
aerobic respiration,It uses oxygen. The cells produce carbon dioxide as a waste product
What makes up the respiratory system
Organs that help you take oxygen out of the air and get rid of carbon dioxide.
What are the functions of cartilage of the trachea(windpipe)
keeps trachea open and prevent it from collapsing so that air can be kept movig in and out of your body
It also supportss the bronchi
What are these holes in the lungs
Air sacs
Describe the Process of Gas Exchange in The Air Sacs
The Air first Moves into the Air sacs, and it will diffuse into the red blood cell through the one-cell thin wall between the air sacs and blood capillary. The deoxygenated blood in the blood capillary will release the red carbon dioxide into the air sacs to be expelled. Then the oxygen will be carried away by the blood to other body parts.
What happens when you breathe in
The intercoastal muscles between the ribs contract, this pulls the ribs upwards and downwards. The diaphragm pulled downwards. The volume of your chest cavity increases. When volume increases, the pressure inside the chest cavity and lungs decreases.Air moves down through the trachea into the lungs, to fill the extra space
What happens when you breathe out
The intercoastal muscles between the ribs relax. This allows the ribs to drop down to their normal position.Then, the diaphragm goes back upwards. This decreases the volume inside the chest cavity and the pressure increases
When we eat food containing carbohydrates, our digestive system breaks the carbohydrate down to a kind of sugar called_____
glucose,the blood delivers glucose to every cell in the body
What is Glucose?
glucose is an energy store.Before your cells can use the energy, it has to be released from the glucose
What is the process of Glucose done by?
it is done by Tiny structures called mitochondira that are found inside cells. Mitochondria release energy from glucose, so that cells can use energy.
What chemical reaction does mitochondria carry out?
aerobic respiration
Glucose+ oxygen= carbon dioxide+water
What is Blood Plasma?
Blood Plasma is the liquid part of blood. It is mostly water. It transports the red and white blood cells around the body. It has other substances like glucose dissolved in it.
Describe the structure of Red blood cells
The cytoplasm contains a red pigment called haemoglobin that carries oxygen.There is no nucleus, to make room for haemoglobin. It only has a cell membrane. There is no mitrochondria
Describe the function of Red blood cells
carries oxygen to our body parts to supply them with oxygen
Describe the structure of White blood cells
Unlike red blood cells, White blood cells have a nucleus.
Describe the function of White blood cells
to fight off foreign invaders and pathogens in our body
What are bacteria and viruses called
pathogens
What is gas exchange
Swapping oxygen for carbon dioxide
Where does gas exchange take place
through a gas exchange surface also known as respiratory surface
What type of respiration is breathing
external respiration
What structures does the respiratory system consist
Nose , Nasal Cavity, Larynx, Trachea, Bronchus, Bronchiole, Lungs, Rib Cage, Diaphragm, The intercostal muscles, air sacs
What are the functions of respiratory system
- Supplies body with oxygen and disposes of carbon dioxide
- Filters inspired air
- Produces sound
- Contains receptors for smell
- Rids the body of some excess water and heat
- Helps regulate blood pH
Describe the structure of air sacs
1.Large Surface Area:
Provide a large surface area for gas exchange
- Very thin walls:
One cell thick to provide a very short distance for the diffusion of gases
3.Moist inner surface:
Let oxygen dissolve in the moisture before diffusing across the alveolar wall
4.Surrounded by numerous blood capillaries:
Help to transport gases to and from alveoli quickly
Inside the lungs,oxygen is exchanged for carbon dioxide waste through the process called_____
External respiration
What happens during an external respiration
- Carbon dioxide from the deoxygenerated blood diffuses from the capillaries into the air sacs, and is expelled through exhalation
-oxygen from inhaled air diffuses from the air sacs into pulmonary capillaries surrounding them
What nutrients does blood cells need to form properly
List some examples:
-Iron
-Folic acid
-vitamin
Facts about Red Blood Cells
1.called Erythrocytes or RBCS
- Mature forms do not have a nucleus
3.Lifespam of about 120 days
Facts about White Blood Cells
- Called Leukocytes or WBCS
- Largest sized Blood Cells
3.Primary cells of the immune system
Facts about Platelets
1.Thrombocytes or DLTS
- formed in bone marrow
3.Involved in Clotting Process
