Science 1 Chapter 1

Question 1

what is respiration

Answer 1

Respiration is a series of chemical reactions that happens inside every living cell

Question 2

What kind of respiration usually happens in our cells

Answer 2

aerobic respiration,It uses oxygen. The cells produce carbon dioxide as a waste product

Question 3

What makes up the respiratory system

Answer 3

Organs that help you take oxygen out of the air and get rid of carbon dioxide.

Question 4

What are the functions of cartilage of the trachea(windpipe)

Answer 4

keeps trachea open and prevent it from collapsing so that air can be kept movig in and out of your body

It also supportss the bronchi

Question 5

What are these holes in the lungs

Answer 5

Air sacs

Question 6

Describe the Process of Gas Exchange in The Air Sacs

Answer 6

The Air first Moves into the Air sacs, and it will diffuse into the red blood cell through the one-cell thin wall between the air sacs and blood capillary. The deoxygenated blood in the blood capillary will release the red carbon dioxide into the air sacs to be expelled. Then the oxygen will be carried away by the blood to other body parts.

Question 7

What happens when you breathe in

Answer 7

The intercoastal muscles between the ribs contract, this pulls the ribs upwards and downwards. The diaphragm pulled downwards. The volume of your chest cavity increases. When volume increases, the pressure inside the chest cavity and lungs decreases.Air moves down through the trachea into the lungs, to fill the extra space

Question 8

What happens when you breathe out

Answer 8

The intercoastal muscles between the ribs relax. This allows the ribs to drop down to their normal position.Then, the diaphragm goes back upwards. This decreases the volume inside the chest cavity and the pressure increases

Question 9

When we eat food containing carbohydrates, our digestive system breaks the carbohydrate down to a kind of sugar called_____

Answer 9

glucose,the blood delivers glucose to every cell in the body

Question 10

What is Glucose?

Answer 10

glucose is an energy store.Before your cells can use the energy, it has to be released from the glucose

Question 11

What is the process of Glucose done by?

Answer 11

it is done by Tiny structures called mitochondira that are found inside cells. Mitochondria release energy from glucose, so that cells can use energy.

Question 12

What chemical reaction does mitochondria carry out?

Answer 12

aerobic respiration

Glucose+ oxygen= carbon dioxide+water

Question 13

What is Blood Plasma?

Answer 13

Blood Plasma is the liquid part of blood. It is mostly water. It transports the red and white blood cells around the body. It has other substances like glucose dissolved in it.

Question 14

Describe the structure of Red blood cells

Answer 14

The cytoplasm contains a red pigment called haemoglobin that carries oxygen.There is no nucleus, to make room for haemoglobin. It only has a cell membrane. There is no mitrochondria

Question 15

Describe the function of Red blood cells

Answer 15

carries oxygen to our body parts to supply them with oxygen

Question 16

Describe the structure of White blood cells

Answer 16

Unlike red blood cells, White blood cells have a nucleus.

Question 17

Describe the function of White blood cells

Answer 17

to fight off foreign invaders and pathogens in our body

Question 18

What are bacteria and viruses called

Answer 18

pathogens

Question 19

What is gas exchange

Answer 19

Swapping oxygen for carbon dioxide

Question 20

Where does gas exchange take place

Answer 20

through a gas exchange surface also known as respiratory surface

Question 21

What type of respiration is breathing

Answer 21

external respiration

Question 22

What structures does the respiratory system consist

Answer 22

Nose , Nasal Cavity, Larynx, Trachea, Bronchus, Bronchiole, Lungs, Rib Cage, Diaphragm, The intercostal muscles, air sacs

Question 23

What are the functions of respiratory system

Answer 23

1. Supplies body with oxygen and disposes of carbon dioxide
2. Filters inspired air
3. Produces sound
4. Contains receptors for smell
5. Rids the body of some excess water and heat
6. Helps regulate blood pH

Question 24

Describe the structure of air sacs

Answer 24

1.Large Surface Area:
Provide a large surface area for gas exchange

2. Very thin walls:
   One cell thick to provide a very short distance for the diffusion of gases

3.Moist inner surface:
Let oxygen dissolve in the moisture before diffusing across the alveolar wall

4.Surrounded by numerous blood capillaries:
Help to transport gases to and from alveoli quickly

Question 25

Inside the lungs,oxygen is exchanged for carbon dioxide waste through the process called_____

Answer 25

External respiration

Question 26

What happens during an external respiration

Answer 26

• Carbon dioxide from the deoxygenerated blood diffuses from the capillaries into the air sacs, and is expelled through exhalation

-oxygen from inhaled air diffuses from the air sacs into pulmonary capillaries surrounding them

Question 27

What nutrients does blood cells need to form properly

List some examples:

Answer 27

-Iron
-Folic acid
-vitamin

Question 28

Facts about Red Blood Cells

Answer 28

1.called Erythrocytes or RBCS

2. Mature forms do not have a nucleus

3.Lifespam of about 120 days

Question 29

Facts about White Blood Cells

Answer 29

1. Called Leukocytes or WBCS
2. Largest sized Blood Cells

3.Primary cells of the immune system

Question 30

Facts about Platelets

Answer 30

1.Thrombocytes or DLTS

2. formed in bone marrow

3.Involved in Clotting Process