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End of yr exams - yr 10 > Science - 4 part 1 > Flashcards

Science - 4 part 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the difference between cells, tissues, and organs?

A

A groups of cells make up a tissue, a group of tissues work together to make up organs, which create organ systems

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2
Q

What is a cell?

A

what our bodies are made up of

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3
Q

why is oxygen needed for life processes

A

Oxygen helps organisms grow, reproduce, and turn food into energy

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3
Q

What is a tissue?

A

a group of cells

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3
Q

What is an organ system

A

system made up of cells and tissues

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4
Q

What is oxygen in cells?

A

This is known as diffusion. The movement of particles from an area of high concentration to low concentration

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4
Q

what is an organ

A

tissues work together to create organs

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4
Q

word equation for respiration

A

Glucose + Oxygen = Carbon Dioxide and Water

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5
Q

describe the importance of the respiratory system

A

The respiratory system allows life processes to occur, providing organs with oxygen.

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6
Q

What is exhalation

A

Decrease in volume, increase in pressure. Diaphragm relaxes

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6
Q

What is breathing?

A

The physical process where we inhale air into our lungs, and exhale air out

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6
Q

What is inhalation?

A

Increase in volume, decrease in pressure. Diaphragm contract and move down.

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6
Q

Difference between respiration and breathing?

A

Respiration is a chemical process that takes place in cells to release energy. Breathing is the physical process where you inhale and exhale air in and out of your lungs.

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6
Q

effects of smoking on respiratory system

A

reduced lung function and breathlessness

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6
Q

Describe a some long term effects of smoking

A

cancer, strokes, and heart attack etc

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7
Q

describe the importance of the circulatory system

A

delivers oxygen and nutrients to cells and takes away wastes.

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8
Q

How do blood get in and out of the heart?

A

Veins carry blood to the heart, arteries carry blood away from the heart

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9
Q

Example of artery

A

aorta

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10
Q

Example of vein

A

vena cava

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11
Q

describe how exercise affects the rate of your heartbeat

A

your heart typically beats faster so that more blood gets out to your body.

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12
Q

difference between anaerobic and aerobic respiration

A

aerobic is with oxygen, and happens first anaerobic is opposite

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13
Q

What are the 3 types of blood vessels?

A

arteries, capillaries, and veins

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14
Q

what is a cappillary?

A

exchanges nutrients + oxygen with tissues e.g a single cell

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15
Q

What is the structure of an artery?

A

Blood is high pressure so small lumen and thick muscle

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16
Q

What is the structure of an capillary?

A

blood is low pressure and is single cell thick + permeable

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17
Q

What is the structure of an vein?

A

blood is low pressure, biggest lumen, small layer of elastic fibres / smooth muscle also has valves which prevent blood from flowing backwards

18
Q

What is the importance of blood?

A

It carries nutrients around the body

19
Q

What are the 4 components of blood?

A

White blood cell, red blood cell, patelets, plasma

20
Q

What is the function of a white blood cell?

A

makes antibodies to aid the immune system

21
Q

What is the function of a red blood cell?

A

carries oxygen to the cells

22
Q

What is the function of a patelets

A

fragments of a cell which form blood clots too prevent blood loss

23
Q

What is the function of plasma?

A

Carries food particles, waste products and red and white blood cells around the body

24
Q

What is carcinogen?

A

Substance capable of causing cancer in the tissues

25
Q

What is an epiglottis?

A

Small piece of cartilage protecting your voice box

26
Q

What is a gas exchange?

A

When oxygen moves from the lungs to the bloodstream at the same time carbon dioxide passes through the blood

27
Q

what is the atria?

A

Two upper chambers which pump blood to lower ventricles

28
Q

what is the circulatory system?

A

Made up of pump (heart), and tubes (blood vessels) e.v veins and arteries

29
Q

What is pullmanary?

A

lungs

30
Q

Explain arteries

A

They carry blood away from the heart e.g aorta (to body, oxygenated). Pulmonary artery (to lungs, deoxygenated)

31
Q

Explain capillaries

A

They exchange nutrients and oxygen with tissues ( they are a single cell )

32
Q

Explain veins

A

They carry blood back to the heart e.g vena cava ( back from body, deoxygenated), pulmonary, (back from lungs, oxygenated)

33
Q

why is oxygen needed for life processes?

A

respiration
Chemical reaction where cells break down nutrient molecules (usually glucose) to release energy

34
Q

What is the function of Nose and Mouth

A

Point of entry and exit for respiratory gases

35
Q

What is the function of Epiglottis

A

Protects airway from food particles
Closes over trachea when swallowing

36
Q

What is the function of Trachea

A

Takes respiratory gases from mouth and nose to lungs, Lined with cartilage

37
Q

What is the function of Diaphragm

A

Muscle involved in ventilation

38
Q

What is the function of Bronchus (bronchi plural)

A

Takes respiratory gases to either right or left lung

39
Q

What is the function of Bronchiole

A

Delivers respiratory gases to alveoli

40
Q

What is the function of Alveoli (alveolus singular)

A

Site of gas exchange

41
Q

describe the process of breathing

A

Air enters into our nose and mouth, goes through the pharynx, then larynx, through the trachea and into our bronchus and bronchioles. Then they reach the alveoli, where they diffuse into our blood

42
Q

function of ribs

A

Protects the lungs

43
Q

function of external intercostal muscles

A

lifts and expands the rib cage, allowing for exhalation

44
Q

function of internal intercostal muscles

A

pull down on the rib cage and push air out of the lungs.

45
Q

what is the volume of throax

A

When inhaling, volume increases
When exhaling, volume decreases

46
Q

define carcinogen

A

A substance that causes cancer

47
Q

define addictive

A

The more you use them, the more you rely on and need them

48
Q

what are tube networks

A

vessals

49
Q

what are valves

A

one way blood flow

50
Q

what is a heart

A

pump

51
Q

What is you pulmonary artery?

A

Carries deoxygenated blood from right ventricle to lungs

52
Q

What is you pulmonary vein?

A

carries oxygenated blood from lungs to left atrium

53
Q

What is your vena cava

A

Carries deoxygenated blood from the body to right atrium

54
Q

what is a aorta

A

Carries oxygenated blood from left ventricle to body

55
Q

How does excercise affect your heart rate

A

During exercise, your heart typically beats faster so that more blood gets out to your body

End of yr exams - yr 10 (16 decks)

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