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End of yr exams - yr 10 > Science - 3 > Flashcards

Science - 3 Flashcards

1
Q

How is electricity a form of energy?

A

movement of electrons between two points.

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2
Q

Identify some useful energy transfers involving electrical energy?

A

Kettles, microwaves and hairdryers

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3
Q

What is the difference between static electricity and current electricity?

A

Static electricity does not move, it stays in the same place. Current electricity is when an electrical charge is given a path to move through.

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4
Q

Explain what a conductor is:

A

Some electrons are free to leave

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5
Q

Explain what a insulator is:

A

Electrons are tightly held and cannot leave

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6
Q

What is static electricity?

A

occurs when charges collect on a surface (insulators) and do not flow away immediately

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7
Q

3 uses of static electricity:

A

Photo copying, powder-coating, theatres

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8
Q

Why can statics electricity be dangerous?

A

Electric shock, fires or explosions

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9
Q

How do electrons move through a conductor?

A

In an electrical current e.g copper

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10
Q

What is the difference between a series circuit and a parallel circuit?

A

A series circuit connects end to end in a loop. A parallel circuit components are connected side by side giving several different pathways.

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11
Q

Unit for current

A

amps (A)

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12
Q

What is current?

A

Current is the flow of electrons

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13
Q

what is Ohm’s law?

A

In triangle V (voltage) on top, current (A) and resistance (R) on bottom.

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14
Q

Energy is carried by what?

A

Energy is carried by electrons

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15
Q

How do you measure energy differences?

A

Voltmeter

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16
Q

What does voltage measure?

A

Energy

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17
Q

What is power measured in?

A

Watts

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18
Q

What is power?

A

Energy transferred in one second

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19
Q

What is kilowatt hours?

A

The energy transferred by an appliance is measured in kilowatt hours or. KWH. 1 KWH is known as 1 unit of electricity.

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20
Q

Name three methods of controlling electric currents:

A

Switch, fuses, circuit breakers

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21
Q

Safety precautions for an electrical accident:

A

If you touch exposed wires your body becomes part of the circuit. Always disconnect the power in an emergency.

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22
Q

What attraction and repulsion?

A

Opposite poles attract. Like poles repel.

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23
Q

How do you tell if certain materials are magnetic / what happens inside of them?

A

Domains line up in series

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24
Q

How does strength of magnetic feilds be changed?

A

increasing current, number of coils, and adding an iron core

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25
Q

How are electricity and magnetism linked?

A

When an electrical charge flows in a wire, a magnetic field is formed around the wire.

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26
Q

Positive and negative things about electromagnets:

A

They can be turned on and off. Strength can be changed.

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27
Q

Why do elements gain or lose electrons?

A

So they can have a full valance or outer shell

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28
Q

Formula for Hydrochloric acid:

A

HCL

29
Q

Formula for sulfuric acid:

A

H2SO4

30
Q

Formula for Nitric acid:

A

HNO3

31
Q

Why do elements combine in exact ratios to make electrically neutral compounds?

A

Result of the law of constant composition

32
Q

Define acids:

A

Compounds that release hydrogen ions when they dissolve in water

33
Q

List some properties of acids:

A
  • Low pH
    -Turn blue litmus red
34
Q

List some properties of bases:

A
  • High pH
    -Turn red litmus blue
35
Q

How much H+ ions are released from weak and strong acids?

A

Strong acids release lots of H+ ions, but weak acids only release a few

36
Q

Define bases:

A

Substance that mostly release hydroxide ions when they dissolve in water

37
Q

How much OH- ions are released from weak and strong bases:

A

Strong bases release a lot of OH-, but weak bases only release a few

38
Q

What is sulfuric, nitric, and hydrochloric acid into a combination:

A

Sulfate, nitrate, chloride

39
Q

Formula for calcium hydroxide:

A

Ca(OH)2

40
Q

Why do acids and bases react?

A

To neutralise eachother

41
Q

Formula for calcium carbonate:

A

CaCO3

42
Q

Describe the pH scale:

A

It runs from 0-14, with zero the most acidic and 14 the most alkali

43
Q

Define and indicator:

A

Natural dye that changes colour depending on whether it is placed in an acid or base

44
Q

What pH do neutral substances have?

A

pH 7

45
Q

What is the colour change in litmus in acid and base?

A

Acid - red
Base - Blue

46
Q

What is the colour change in an universal indicator in acid and base?

A

Base - blue
acid - red
neutral - green

47
Q

What is the colour change in phenolphthalein in acid and base?

A

Base - Pink
Acid - Clear

48
Q

How is the pH scale linked to the universal indicator?

A

The universal indicator is linked to the colours on the pH scale

49
Q

Describe a technique for making an indicator from a plant:

A

Red cabbage, smash, universal indicator

50
Q

What is salt a compound of?

A

Compound of metal ion and one or more non-metal ions ( not oxide )

51
Q

Are salts a neutral substance?

A

Yes, they can be formed during neutralisation reactions.

52
Q

How is water formed from H+ and OH- ions when acids neutralise bases?

A

The two combine to form water

53
Q

What is the general equation for neutralisation?

A

acid + base = salt + water

54
Q

What is the technique called for preparing salts in the library?

A

Neutralisation reaction

55
Q

Define reactants

A

Reactants are the starting substances that undergo a chemical change

56
Q

Define products

A

products are the substances that are formed as a result of the reaction

57
Q

What is reservered during chemical reactions

A

matter

58
Q

What is the point of balancing an equation?

A

law of conservation of mass is upheld

59
Q

What is the general equation for acid and metal carbonate neutralisation?

A

Acid+MetalCarbonate→Salt+Water+CarbonDioxide

60
Q

What is the collision theory?

A

For a reaction to occur between two substances, their particles must collide with each other.

61
Q

What is the effect of temperature on reaction rate using collision theory?

A

Higher temperatures speed up reactions by increasing collision frequency and energy.

62
Q

What is the effect of surface area on reaction rate using collision theory?

A

Increased surface area speeds up reactions because it allows more collisions between reactants.

63
Q

What is an alklai?

A

A base that is soluble in water

64
Q

What is an independant variable?

A

changes

65
Q

what is a dependant variable?

A

stays the same

66
Q

What are some properties of acids

A

Sour
Release H+ when dissolved in water
Turn blue litmus paper red
PH below 7
Turns universal indicator red, orange, yellow
Strong acids release many H+ in water while weak acids release few H+

67
Q

What are some properties of bases

A

Bitter
Release OH- when dissolved in water
Turn red litmus paper blue
PH above 7
Turns universal indicator blue, purple
Strong bases release many OH- in water while weak bases release few OH-

68
Q
A

End of yr exams - yr 10 (16 decks)

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